Liên từ (连词)
Liên từ và từ nối cho câu phức
连接词或短语：跟、还是、和HSK 1一19
词类 · 连词
“跟”和“和”用于连接两个并列成分（如名词），表示“和”的意思；“还是”用于选择疑问句，表示“或者”的意思，用于在两个或多个选项中做出选择。
“跟” and “和” are used to connect two parallel elements (such as nouns), meaning "and"; “还是” is used in choice questions, meaning "or", used to choose between two or more options.
Ví dụ (3)
爸爸跟妈妈都不在家。
Neither Dad nor Mom is at home.
你喝茶还是喝水？
Do you want tea or water?
我和弟弟都学习中文。
My younger brother and I both study Chinese.
连接词或短语：或、或者HSK 2二29
词类 · 连词
“或”和“或者”都是表示选择关系的连词，用于连接两个或多个并列成分，表示从这些选项中任选其一。
“或” and “或者” are both conjunctions indicating choice, used to connect two or more parallel elements, meaning one can be chosen from these options.
Ví dụ (2)
星期天我想去看电影或听音乐会。
On Sunday, I want to go to the movies or listen to a concert.
我下午去打球或者去爬山。
I'm going to play ball or go hiking this afternoon.
连接分句或句子：不过、但、但是、而且、那、如果、虽然、只要HSK 2二30
词类 · 连词
连词用于连接分句或句子，表达转折、递进、假设、条件等逻辑关系，使句子之间衔接自然、语义连贯。
Conjunctions are used to connect clauses or sentences, expressing logical relationships such as contrast, addition, hypothesis, or condition, making the connection between sentences natural and coherent.
Ví dụ (3)
现在已经是冬天了，但北京还不太冷。
It's already winter, but Beijing is not very cold yet.
你不去，那我就一个人去。
If you don't go, then I'll go alone.
（“不过、但是、而且、如果、虽然、只要”例句参见复句部分）
(See the compound sentence section for examples of '不过, 但是, 而且, 如果, 虽然, 只要'.)
连接分句或句子：并且、不光、不仅、另外、要是、因此、由于、只有HSK 3三30
词类 · 连词
连词"并且、不光、不仅、另外、要是、因此、由于、只有"都可以连接分句或句子，表达并列、递进、条件、因果等关系。
The conjunctions "并且" (and/moreover), "不光/不仅" (not only), "另外" (in addition), "要是" (if), "因此/由于" (therefore/because), and "只有" (only if) can all connect clauses or sentences to express coordination, progression, condition, cause-effect, and other relationships.
Ví dụ (3)
这星期我很忙，要上课，要准备考试，另外，还要参加一些学校活动。
I'm very busy this week — I have classes, exams to prepare for, and additionally, some school activities to attend.
这次晚会他们准备了很多吃的、喝的，另外，还准备了不少礼物。
They prepared a lot of food and drinks for the party, and in addition, they also prepared many gifts.
（"并且、不光、不仅、要是、因此、由于、只有"例句参见复句部分）
(For example sentences of "并且, 不光, 不仅, 要是, 因此, 由于, 只有", see the complex sentence section.)
连接词或词组：并、以及HSK 4四19
词类 · 连词
“并”用于连接动词或形容词，表示并列的动作或状态；“以及”用于连接名词或名词短语，表示并列列举关系。
‘并’ connects verbs or adjectives to indicate parallel actions/states; ‘以及’ links nouns or noun phrases for enumeration.
Ví dụ (2)
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
They agree and support our proposal.
小王、小李以及另外三名同学都通过了考试。
Xiao Wang, Xiao Li, as well as three other classmates all passed the exam.
连接分句或句子：此外、而、而是、既然、可见、甚至、假如、总之HSK 4四20
词类 · 连词
这些连词用于连接分句或句子，表示递进、转折、因果、总结等逻辑关系，使句子结构更紧密、逻辑更清晰。
These conjunctions connect clauses or sentences to express logical relationships such as progression, contrast, causality, or summary, making the sentence structure more cohesive and the logic clearer.
Ví dụ (4)
我们要认真听讲，此外还要积极完成作业。
We should listen carefully in class, and in addition, actively complete assignments.
为什么北方下雪越来越少，而南方下雪越来越多？
Why is there less and less snow in the north, while there is more and more snow in the south?
听说重要，读写也很重要，总之，这四项能力都很重要。
Listening and speaking are important, reading and writing are also important; in short, all four skills are crucial.
（“而是、既然、可见、甚至、假如”例句参见复句部分）
("而shi, ji ran, ke jian, shen zhi, jia ru" examples refer to the complex sentence section).
连接分句或句子：从而、加上、完了、一旦HSK 5五15
词类 · 连词
从而表示因果关系，引出结果；加上用于补充原因或条件；完了作为连词表示时间先后；一旦强调假设条件成立后的必然结果。
从而 indicates causality leading to a result; 加上 adds supplementary reasons/conditions; 完了 functions as a temporal connector showing sequence; 一旦 emphasizes inevitable consequences when a hypothetical condition is met.
Ví dụ (4)
他努力学习，从而实现了当翻译的理想。
He studied hard, thereby realizing his dream of becoming a translator.
今天天气不太好，加上你还有很多作业，我们还是别去公园了吧。
The weather isn't great today, plus you have a lot of homework, so maybe we shouldn't go to the park after all.
你快点儿写作业，完了我们去公园玩儿。
Hurry up with your homework, and then we'll go to the park.
你要想好了，一旦选择了就不能放弃。
Think carefully before deciding, because once you choose, you can't back out.
连接词或词组：而、同、与HSK 6六20
词类 · 连词
这三个词都是连词，用于连接并列的成分。'而'常用于连接形容词，表示并列或递进关系；'同'和'与'则用于连接名词或代词，表示'和'的意思，其中'与'多用于书面语。
These three words are conjunctions used to connect parallel components. '而' is often used to connect adjectives, indicating a parallel or progressive relationship; '同' and '与' are used to connect nouns or pronouns, meaning 'and', with '与' being more formal and typically used in written language.
Ví dụ (3)
她善良而乐观。
She is kind and optimistic.
我同他都是新员工。
He and I are both new employees.
成与不成，都看你的啦！
Whether it succeeds or not, it's all up to you!
连接分句或句子：不料、可、若HSK 6六21
词类 · 连词
‘不料’表示事情的发展出乎意料，通常引出与预期相反的结果；‘可’表示转折，相当于‘但是’，强调前后句意的对比；‘若’表示假设条件，相当于‘如果’，多用于书面或正式语境。
'不料' indicates an unexpected outcome contrary to expectation; '可' expresses contrast or concession, similar to 'but'; '若' introduces a conditional assumption, equivalent to 'if', often used in formal contexts.
Ví dụ (3)
我今天本想去操场踢足球，不料外面下起雨来。
I originally planned to go to the playground to play soccer today, but unexpectedly it started raining outside.
我们约定一起去长城玩儿，可他忘记了。
We agreed to visit the Great Wall together, but he forgot.
若这个时间你不方便，我们就换一个。
If this time is inconvenient for you, we can choose another one.
连接词或词组：及HSK 7七—九054
词类 · 连词
“及”是连词，用于连接并列的名词性成分，表示“和、与”，多用于书面语或正式场合，连接项之间通常用顿号分隔。
“及”is a conjunction used to connect parallel noun phrases, meaning 'and' or 'with', typically in formal or written contexts, with items separated by enumeration commas.
Ví dụ (2)
工人、农民及士兵都参加了此次会议。
Workers, peasants, and soldiers all attended this meeting.
现急需煤炭、石油、电力及其他能源。
Currently, there is an urgent need for coal, oil, electricity, and other energy sources.
连接分句或句子：继而、要不是HSK 7七—九055
词类 · 连词
“继而”表示事件或动作的连续发生，后接结果；“要不是”用于提出假设条件，引出特定结果。
"继而" indicates sequential events or actions leading to a result, while "要不是" introduces a hypothetical condition that causes a specific outcome.
Ví dụ (3)
他本来不同意的，可继而一想，又觉得是一个好机会。
He initially disagreed, but after further thought, he realized it was a good opportunity.
人民币升值将会影响到中国的出口，继而影响中国的经济增长。
The appreciation of the RMB will affect China's exports, which in turn impacts its economic growth.
要不是老师帮我，我也不能写好这篇文章。
If it hadn't been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't have written this article well.