被动句3：意念被动句
Giải thích
意念被动句是汉语中一种特殊的被动表达方式，主语是动作的承受者，但句中不使用“被”字，而是通过上下文或结果补语（如“光”“破”“完”）来体现被动意义。
The意念被动句 (notional passive) is a special passive construction in Chinese where the subject receives the action without using the word '被', typically indicated by context or resultative complements such as '光', '破', or '完'.
Ví dụ
蛋糕吃光了。
The cake has been eaten up.
衣服穿破了。
The clothes have been worn out.
车票卖完了。
The train tickets have been sold out.
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“有”字句3HSK 5五38
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
这个语法结构用于表示存在、具有或附着关系。"主语+有+着+宾语"强调存在某种状态或关系，而"主语+动词+有+宾语"则表示通过某种动作后留下的结果或状态。
This grammatical structure is used to express existence, possession, or attachment. "Subject + 有 + 着 + Object" emphasizes the existence of a certain state or relationship, while "Subject + Verb + 有 + Object" indicates the result or state remaining after an action.
- 表示存在、具有：主语+有+着+宾语
- 表示附着：主语+动词+有+宾语
Ví dụ (5)
两个国家之间有着长期的友好关系。
There exists a long-term friendly relationship between the two countries.
他们之间有着很深的误会。
There is a deep misunderstanding between them.
书上写有他的名字。
His name is written on the book.
这双筷子上刻有漂亮的图案。
This pair of chopsticks is engraved with beautiful patterns.
发票上列有商品的名称。
The invoice lists the names of the products.
“把”字句3：表处置HSK 5五39
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
“把”字句用于表达主语对宾语的处置或影响，强调动作对宾语产生的结果或变化。常见结构包括带状语、动词重叠、加“了”或双宾语形式。
The 'ba' construction indicates the subject's action on the object, emphasizing the resulting effect or change. Common patterns include adverbial modifiers, verb reduplication, adding '了', or double object structures.
- 主语+把+宾语+状语+动词
- 主语+把+宾语+一+动词
- 主语+把+宾语+动词+了
- 主语+把+宾语1+动词+宾语2
Ví dụ (8)
他总是把东西到处乱扔。
He always leaves things lying around everywhere.
下雨了，她赶紧把外面的东西往回收。
It started raining, so she hurriedly brought the outdoor items inside.
她把东西一放，转身就走了。
She put the things down and immediately turned to leave.
老师把门一关，开始上课了。
The teacher shut the door and began the class.
你怎么把这件事忘了？
How could you forget about this matter?
双方把合同签了。
Both parties signed the contract.
他把身上的钱交学费了。
He used the money on his person to pay for tuition.
我父母把存款买了房。
My parents used their savings to buy a house.
连动句3：前后两个动词性词语具有因果、转折、条件关系HSK 5五41
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
这种连动句表示前后两个动词性词语之间存在因果、转折或条件关系，前一个动作是后一个动作的原因、转折或条件。
This type of serial verb construction indicates that there is a causal, contrastive, or conditional relationship between two verb phrases, where the first action serves as the cause, contrast, or condition for the second action.
Ví dụ (3)
李老师生病住院了。
Teacher Li was hospitalized because he was ill.
这本书她借了没看。
She borrowed this book but didn't read it.
她有办法解决问题。
She has a way to solve the problem.
兼语句3HSK 5五42
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
兼语句表示致使意义，主语通过'叫/令/使/让'等动词使宾语执行某个动作或处于某种状态。
This sentence structure expresses causation, where the subject causes the object to perform an action or be in a certain state through verbs like '叫/令/使/让'.
- 表致使：主语+叫/令/使/让+人称代词+动词短语
Ví dụ (4)
老师叫她早点儿回去。
The teacher asked her to go back early.
这件事令她吃不下饭。
This matter made her unable to eat.
他的做法使大家再也不敢相信他了。
His actions made everyone dare not trust him again.
明天的考试让我睡不着觉。
Tomorrow's exam keeps me from sleeping.
比较句5HSK 5五43
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
「跟⋯⋯相比」用于引出比较对象，后接主句说明差异；「A+形容词+B+数量补语」结构直接比较两者并量化差异程度。
「跟⋯⋯相比」 introduces the basis of comparison, followed by the main clause stating the difference; 「A+形容词+B+数量补语」 directly compares two entities with quantifiable differences.
- 跟⋯⋯相比
- A+形容词+B+数量补语
Ví dụ (6)
跟上次考试相比，这次没有那么难。
Compared to the last exam, this one wasn't as difficult.
跟别人相比，我的想法太简单了。
Compared with others, my idea is too simplistic.
跟语法知识相比，我觉得语音知识更难。
Compared to grammatical knowledge, I find phonetic knowledge more challenging.
她高我五厘米。
She is five centimeters taller than me.
他早我十分钟。
He arrived ten minutes earlier than me.
姐姐大我十岁。
My older sister is ten years older than me.