피동문 (被动句)
被, 叫, 让으로 표현하는 피동태
把、被、叫、让HSK 3三27
词类 · 引出施事、受事
“把、被、叫、让”用于引出动作的施事或受事，其中“把”表示主动处置，“被、叫、让”表示被动承受，后两者多用于口语。
"Ba, bei, jiao, and rang" are used to introduce the agent or patient of an action. "Ba" indicates active disposal, while "bei", "jiao", and "rang" indicate passive reception, with the latter two being more common in spoken language.
예문 (4)
我看见你把手机放在书包里了。
I saw you put the mobile phone in the schoolbag.
裙子被我弄脏了。
The skirt was stained by me.
手机叫我弄坏了。
The mobile phone was broken by me.
我的车让朋友借走了。
My car was borrowed by a friend.
被动句1：主语+被/叫/让+宾语+动词+其他成分HSK 3三55
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该结构用于表达被动语态，其中“被”、“叫”或“让”引出动作的发出者，主语是动作的承受者。
This structure is used to express the passive voice, where '被', '叫', or '让' introduces the agent of the action, and the subject is the receiver of the action.
예문 (3)
那个手机早被我用坏了
That mobile phone was broken by me long ago.
我的词典叫弟弟弄脏了
My dictionary was messed up by my younger brother.
他完全让这位姑娘迷住了。
He was completely captivated by this girl.
被动句2：主语+被+动词+其他成分HSK 4四39
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
被动句用于强调动作的承受者，结构为'主语+被+动词+其他成分'，表示主语受到某种动作的影响。
The passive structure emphasizes the receiver of an action using 'subject + 被 + verb + other components', indicating the subject undergoes an action.
예문 (3)
王老师被请去开会了。
Teacher Wang was invited to attend a meeting.
教室的灯早就被关上了。
The classroom lights were turned off long ago.
那张画儿被买走了。
That painting was bought and taken away.
让/叫你X你就XHSK 4四75
强调的方法
该结构用于强调必须立即执行某事，不容置疑或拖延，常带有命令或催促语气，表示‘叫你做某事就必须立刻做，不要多问或做其他事’。
This structure emphasizes immediate compliance with an instruction, conveying a commanding or urging tone that means 'do exactly as told without questioning or hesitation.'
예문 (3)
让你做你就做，别多问了。
Do it when I tell you to, don't ask too many questions.
叫你吃你就吃，其他的你别管。
Eat when I tell you to, don't worry about anything else.
计你安静你就安静，别那么多话。
Be quiet when I tell you to, don't talk so much.
被动句3：意念被动句HSK 5五40
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
意念被动句是汉语中一种特殊的被动表达方式，主语是动作的承受者，但句中不使用“被”字，而是通过上下文或结果补语（如“光”“破”“完”）来体现被动意义。
The意念被动句 (notional passive) is a special passive construction in Chinese where the subject receives the action without using the word '被', typically indicated by context or resultative complements such as '光', '破', or '完'.
예문 (3)
蛋糕吃光了。
The cake has been eaten up.
衣服穿破了。
The clothes have been worn out.
车票卖完了。
The train tickets have been sold out.
被动句4：主语+被/叫/让+宾语+给+动词+其他成分HSK 6六41
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该结构用于强调动作的承受者，通过'被/叫/让'引出动作执行者，'给'加强被动语气，后接动词及补充说明成分。
This structure emphasizes the recipient of an action. The doer is introduced by '被/叫/让', '给' intensifies the passive voice, followed by the verb and additional components.
예문 (3)
杯子被她不小心给摔碎了。
The cup was accidentally broken by her.
自行车叫小偷儿给偷走了。
The bicycle was stolen by a thief.
这件事差点儿让我给忘了。
This matter almost made me forget it.
被动句5HSK 7七—九089
句子的类型 · 特殊句式
该结构用于表达被动意义，强调主语受到动作影响。'被/为...所...'构成固定搭配，其中'为'更正式，常用于书面语。
This structure expresses passive voice, emphasizing the subject's reception of an action. '被/为...所...' forms a fixed pattern with '为' being more formal and typical in written language.
- 被⋯⋯所⋯⋯
- 为⋯⋯所⋯⋯
예문 (4)
这是我第一次感到自己被一个人所吸引。
This is the first time I've felt myself being attracted by someone.
没想到，他竟然会被一个小学生所欺骗。
Unexpectedly, he was actually deceived by a primary school student.
他这种行为，为人类社会所不容。
Such behavior of his is unacceptable to human society.
领导的这种行为往往不为人所信任。
The leader's behavior is often not trusted by people.