完成态：用动态助词“了”表示
Penjelasan
动态助词“了”用在动词后表示动作已经完成。否定形式用“没”，后面不加“了”。
The particle 'le' is used after a verb to indicate that an action has been completed. In negative sentences, 'mei' is used without 'le'.
Contoh
他买了两个面包。/他没买面包。
He bought two loaves of bread. / He didn't buy any bread.
我喝了很多水。/我没喝水。
I drank a lot of water. / I didn't drink any water.
Tata Bahasa Terkait
变化态：用动态助词“了”表示HSK 1一40
动作的态
动态助词“了”放在动词或形容词后，表示状态的变化或动作的完成。否定形式用“没”，后面不加“了”。
The particle '了' follows a verb or adjective to indicate a change of state or completion of an action. The negative form uses '没' without '了'.
Contoh (3)
她病了。/她没病。
She is sick now. / She is not sick.
雨小了。/雨没小。
The rain has gotten lighter. / The rain hasn't gotten lighter.
他吃早饭了。/他没吃早饭。
He has eaten breakfast. / He hasn't eaten breakfast.
进行态HSK 1一42
动作的态
表示动作正在进行中，常用“在”“正在”或句末“呢”来标记。
Indicates an action is currently in progress, often marked by "在" (zài), "正在" (zhèngzài), or the particle "呢" (ne) at the end of the sentence.
- ⋯⋯在/正在+动词
- ⋯⋯在/正/正在+动词⋯⋯+呢
- ⋯⋯呢
Contoh (8)
孩子在睡觉，你别说话。
The child is sleeping, please don't talk.
外边正在下雨。
It is raining outside.
你等一下儿，他在打电话呢。
Wait a moment, he is on the phone.
老师进来的时候，我正听歌呢。
When the teacher came in, I was listening to music.
同学们正在考试呢。
The students are taking an exam.
我没看电视，看书呢。
I'm not watching TV; I'm reading.
甲：你在做什么？
A: What are you doing?
乙：我洗衣服呢。
B: I'm doing the laundry.
用“吗”提问HSK 1一45
提问的方法
在陈述句句末加“吗”构成是非问句，用于询问事实或确认情况。
Add 'ma' at the end of a declarative sentence to form a yes/no question, used to ask about facts or confirm situations.
Contoh (2)
他是老师吗？
Is he a teacher?
这包子好吃吗？
Are these buns delicious?
用 "多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么”提问HSK 1一46
提问的方法
这些疑问词用于针对不同信息进行提问：'多'询问年龄，'多少'和'几'询问数量，'哪'、'哪儿'、'哪里'询问地点或选择，'哪些'询问复数事物，'什么'询问事物或内容，'谁'询问人物，'怎么'询问方式或方法。
These question words are used to ask for different types of information: '多' asks about age, '多少' and '几' ask about quantity, '哪', '哪儿', and '哪里' ask about location or choice, '哪些' asks about plural items, '什么' asks about things or content, '谁' asks about people, and '怎么' asks about manner or method.
Contoh (10)
你哥哥多大？
How old is your older brother?
车上有多少个人？
How many people are on the bus?
你家有几口人？
How many people are in your family?
她是哪国人？
What nationality is she?
我们在哪儿见面？
Where shall we meet?
你去哪里了？
Where did you go?
你看了哪些书
Which books did you read?
你星期天做什么？
What do you do on Sundays?
谁要喝茶？
Who wants tea?
这个字怎么读？
How do you read this character?
用“还是”提问HSK 1一47
提问的方法
用“还是”在两个或多个选项之间进行选择提问。
Use '还是' to ask questions that require choosing between two or more options.
Contoh (2)
她妈妈是老师还是医生？
Is her mother a teacher or a doctor?
你喝水还是喝牛奶？
Do you drink water or milk?
用正反疑问形式提问HSK 1一48
提问的方法
通过重复动词或形容词的肯定与否定形式构成疑问句，用于询问对方是否同意或确认某种情况，无需使用疑问助词'吗'。
Form questions by repeating the affirmative and negative forms of verbs/adjectives to ask about agreement or confirmation, without using the question particle '吗'.
Contoh (6)
这本书贵不贵？
Is this book expensive or not?
电影好看不好看？
Is the movie good-looking or not?
你吃不吃包子？
Are you going to eat buns or not?
他去没去图书馆？
Did he go to the library or not?
他回家了没有？
Has he gone home or not?
你饿了没有？
Are you hungry or not?