การเปรียบเทียบ (比较句)
โครงสร้างประโยคเปรียบเทียบ: 比, 没有, 和⋯一样 และอื่นๆ
比较句1HSK 1一38
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
“A比B+形容词”用于比较两个事物，表示A在某个方面超过B；“A没有B+形容词”表示A在某个方面不如B。
The structure 'A比B+形容词' is used to compare two things, indicating that A exceeds B in some aspect; 'A没有B+形容词' indicates that A is not as good as B in some aspect.
- A比B+形容词
- A没有B+形容词
ตัวอย่าง (4)
我朋友比我高。
My friend is taller than me.
这个手机比那个贵。
This phone is more expensive than that one.
昨天没有今天热。
Yesterday wasn't as hot as today.
这个书包没有那个好看。
This bag isn't as good-looking as that one.
比较句2HSK 2二58
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该语法结构用于表达两者之间的比较关系，包含四种形式：1) 使用数量补语说明具体差异（如年龄、程度）；2) 通过'更/还'强调程度加深；3) 用'不如'表示不及；4) 用'有...那么'表示等同或接近。
This structure expresses comparisons between two entities with four forms: 1) specifying exact differences with quantity complements (e.g., age/degree), 2) using '更/还' to emphasize greater degree, 3) using '不如' to indicate inferiority, and 4) using '有...那么' to show equivalence or near equivalence.
- A比B+形容词+数量补语
- A比B+更/还+形容词
- A不如B（+形容词）
- A有B（+这么/那么）+形容词
ตัวอย่าง (8)
姐姐比我大两岁。
My older sister is two years older than me.
房间外边比里边凉快一些。
It's a bit cooler outside the room than inside.
他的手机比我的更贵。
His phone is more expensive than mine.
今天比昨天还凉快。
Today is even cooler than yesterday.
我的中文成绩不如班长。
My Chinese grades are not as good as the class monitor's.
火车不如飞机快。
Trains are not as fast as airplanes.
你哥哥有你高吗？
Is your brother as tall as you?
她家的院子有篮球场那么大。
Her family's yard is as big as a basketball court.
比较句3HSK 2二59
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该语法结构用于比较两个事物或人在某方面的相同或不同。'A跟B一样/相同'表示A与B在某方面完全相同，'A跟B一样+形容词'表示A与B在某个特征上程度相等，否定形式用'不一样'表示不同。
This grammatical structure is used to compare two things or people in terms of similarity or difference. 'A跟B一样/相同' indicates that A and B are exactly the same in some aspect, 'A跟B一样+形容词' shows that A and B are equal in degree of a certain characteristic, and the negative form '不一样' expresses difference.
- A跟B一样/相同
- A跟B-样+形容词
ตัวอย่าง (6)
我的爱好跟姐姐一样。
My hobby is the same as my older sister's.
他的想法跟我相同。
His thoughts are the same as mine.
哥哥的手机跟我的不一样。
My older brother's phone is different from mine.
我跟她一样，都是这个学校的学生。
I'm the same as her; we're both students at this school.
姐姐跟妹妹一样可爱。
My older sister is as cute as my younger sister.
哥哥和弟弟不一样高。
My older brother and younger brother are not the same height.
比较句4HSK 3三58
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该语法结构用于比较两个对象的动作或状态程度，通过'比'字句表达差异，'不比'表示否定比较，数量短语补充具体差异量。
This structure compares the degree of actions/states between two subjects using '比' for positive comparison, '不比' for negative comparison, and quantity phrases to specify the difference.
- A比B+动词+得+形容词
- A不比B+形容词
- A+动词+得+比+B+形容词
- A比B+多/少/早/晚+动词+数量短语
ตัวอย่าง (10)
我比他跑得快。
I run faster than him.
我说中文比妹妹说得流利。
I speak Chinese more fluently than my sister.
我姐姐不比我高。
My older sister is not taller than me.
这个笔记本不比那个大。
This notebook is not bigger than that one.
我跑得比他快。
I run faster than he does.
姐姐中文说得比我流利。
My sister speaks Chinese more fluently than I do.
我比他多吃了五个饺子。
I ate five more dumplings than him.
他比我少买一个苹果。
He bought one less apple than me.
我比姐姐早回来十分钟。
I came back ten minutes earlier than my sister.
哥哥昨天比前天晚睡半个小时。
My older brother went to bed half an hour later yesterday than the day before yesterday.
比较句5HSK 5五43
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
「跟⋯⋯相比」用于引出比较对象，后接主句说明差异；「A+形容词+B+数量补语」结构直接比较两者并量化差异程度。
「跟⋯⋯相比」 introduces the basis of comparison, followed by the main clause stating the difference; 「A+形容词+B+数量补语」 directly compares two entities with quantifiable differences.
- 跟⋯⋯相比
- A+形容词+B+数量补语
ตัวอย่าง (6)
跟上次考试相比，这次没有那么难。
Compared to the last exam, this one wasn't as difficult.
跟别人相比，我的想法太简单了。
Compared with others, my idea is too simplistic.
跟语法知识相比，我觉得语音知识更难。
Compared to grammatical knowledge, I find phonetic knowledge more challenging.
她高我五厘米。
She is five centimeters taller than me.
他早我十分钟。
He arrived ten minutes earlier than me.
姐姐大我十岁。
My older sister is ten years older than me.
比较句6HSK 7七—九090
句子的类型 · 特殊句式
本语法点包含三种比较结构：'比起⋯⋯（来）'用于引出比较对象，'A+形容词+于+B'是书面语比较句式，'A+比+名词+还+名词'强调极端程度。
This grammar point covers three comparative structures: '比起⋯⋯（来）' introduces the basis of comparison, 'A+形容词+于+B' is a formal written comparison, and 'A+比+名词+还+名词' emphasizes extreme degree.
- 比起⋯⋯（来）
- A+形容词+于+B
- A+比+名词+还+名词
ตัวอย่าง (6)
比起其他人.我的想法太简单了。
Compared to others, my idea is too simple.
比起唱歌来，他更喜欢跳舞。
Compared to singing, he prefers dancing.
人的自我实现过程重于结果。
The process of human self-realization is more important than the result.
在施工现场，工人们的安全高于一切，大于一切。
At the construction site, workers' safety is paramount, above all else.
他简直比强盗还强盗！
He's even more of a robber than a robber!
在上流社会里，他装得比绅士还绅士。
In high society, he pretends to be more of a gentleman than a gentleman.