可能补语1：动词+得/不+动词/形容词；动词+得/不+了
설명
可能补语用于表示动作能否实现或达到某种结果。'动词+得/不+动词/形容词'表示能否达到某种结果；'动词+得/不+了'表示能否完成某个动作。
Potential complements are used to express whether an action can be realized or achieve a certain result. 'Verb + 得/不 + Verb/Adjective' indicates whether a result can be achieved; 'Verb + 得/不 + 了' indicates whether an action can be completed.
예문
老师的话我都听得懂。
I can understand everything the teacher says.
这件衣服太脏了，洗不干净了。
This piece of clothing is too dirty; it can't be washed clean.
明天的比赛你参加得了吗？
Can you participate in tomorrow's competition?
我病了，明天上不了课。
I'm sick; I can't attend class tomorrow.
관련 문법
结果补语2：动词+到/住/走HSK 3三46
句子成分 · 补语
动词后加‘到’‘住’‘走’表示动作的结果、完成或方向。
The complement '到' (dào), '住' (zhù), or '走' (zǒu) after a verb indicates the result, completion, or direction of the action.
예문 (3)
他终于买到火车票了。
He finally managed to buy a train ticket.
我把球传给他，可是他没接住。
I passed the ball to him, but he didn't catch it.
那本书他取走了吗？
Did he take that book away?
趋向补语2HSK 3三47
句子成分 · 补语
复合趋向补语用于表示动作的方向性，说明物体从某处移动到另一处的趋向。这些补语由两个趋向动词组成（如出来、进去、过来、过去等），与主要动词结合使用，表达具体的移动方向和位置变化。
Compound directional complements indicate the direction of an action, showing how something moves from one place to another. These complements consist of two directional verbs (such as chulai, jinqu, guolai, guoqu, etc.) and combine with the main verb to express specific movement directions and positional changes.
- 复合趋向补语的趋向意义用法：动词+出来/出去/过来/过去/回来/回去/进来/进去/起来/上来/上去/下来/下去
예문 (16)
他从书包里拿了一本书出来。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他从书包里拿出一本书来。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他从书包里拿出来一本书。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他慢慢地走出教室去了。
He slowly walked out of the classroom.
汽车开过来了，咱们准备上车。
The car is coming over, let's get ready to board.
他在桥那边，我们走过去吧。
He is on the other side of the bridge, let's walk over there.
我昨天买回来了一些水果。
I bought some fruit back yesterday.
这儿离学校很近，我们走回去吧。
This place is very close to school, let's walk back.
外边的桌子你搬进来了没有？
Have you moved the table from outside in?
桌子我还没搬进来。
I haven't moved the table in yet.
这些书不能放在外边，应该拿进去。
These books cannot be left outside; they should be taken inside.
你站起来。
Stand up.
你的电脑拿上来了没有？
Have you brought your computer up?
他突然跑上二楼去了。
He suddenly ran up to the second floor.
他从二楼走下来了。
He walked down from the second floor.
行李你帮我拿下去吧。
Please help me take the luggage down.
程度补语1：形容词/心理动词+得很/极了/死了HSK 3三49
句子成分 · 补语
该语法结构通过在形容词或心理动词后添加“得很/极了/死了”来强调程度极高，其中“得很”表程度深，“极了”和“死了”表极端程度。
This structure emphasizes extreme degree by adding '得很/极了/死了' after adjectives or psychological verbs, with '得很' indicating high degree and '极了/死了' expressing extremity.
예문 (4)
我累得很。
I'm very tired.
外面冷极了。
It's extremely cold outside.
这个游戏孩子们喜欢极了。
The children like this game extremely.
他们今天忙死了。
They're extremely busy today.
数量补语3（动词+动量补语）：宾语和动量补语共现HSK 3三50
句子成分 · 补语
当动词、宾语和动量补语同时出现时，动量补语可以放在宾语之后（如例句1、2）或宾语之前（如例句3、4），表示动作发生的次数。
When a verb, object, and action complement of frequency appear together, the action complement can be placed either after the object (as in examples 1 and 2) or before the object (as in examples 3 and 4), indicating how many times the action occurred.
예문 (4)
我找了他两次。
I looked for him twice.
我来过中国一次。
I have been to China once.
我去过两次上海。
I have been to Shanghai twice.
他读了三遍课文。
He read the text three times.
数量补语4（动词+时量补语）：表示动作持续的时间HSK 3三51
句子成分 · 补语
时量补语用于说明动作持续的时间长度，结构为'动词+了+时间段'或'动词+宾语+动词+了+时间段'。两种结构可互换但语序不同，强调动作的持续性。
The temporal complement indicates the duration of an action, structured as 'verb + 了 + time period' or 'verb + object + verb + 了 + time period'. Both structures are interchangeable but differ in word order to emphasize the action's continuity.
예문 (6)
我学中文学了两年。
I have been studying Chinese for two years.
我学了两年中文。
I have studied Chinese for two years.
我等他等了半个多小时。
I have been waiting for him for over half an hour.
我等了他半个多小时。
I waited for him for over half an hour.
他游泳游了四十分钟。
He has been swimming for forty minutes.
他游了四十分钟的泳。
He swam for forty minutes.
数量补语5（动词+时量补语）：表示动作结束后到某个时间点的间隔时间HSK 3二52
句子成分 · 补语
表示从某个动作发生到现在的时间间隔，使用'动词+时量补语+了'的结构。时量补语说明动作持续或结束后的时间长度。
Indicates the time interval from when an action occurred until now, using the structure 'verb + time complement + le'. The time complement specifies the duration of the action or the time elapsed since its completion.
예문 (3)
他们来中国两个月了。
They have been in China for two months.
哥哥去北京一个星期了。
My older brother has been in Beijing for a week.
我父母结婚二十年了。
My parents have been married for twenty years.