설명
通过重复动词或形容词的肯定与否定形式构成疑问句，用于询问对方是否同意或确认某种情况，无需使用疑问助词'吗'。
Form questions by repeating the affirmative and negative forms of verbs/adjectives to ask about agreement or confirmation, without using the question particle '吗'.
예문
这本书贵不贵？
Is this book expensive or not?
电影好看不好看？
Is the movie good-looking or not?
你吃不吃包子？
Are you going to eat buns or not?
他去没去图书馆？
Did he go to the library or not?
他回家了没有？
Has he gone home or not?
你饿了没有？
Are you hungry or not?
관련 문법
疑问代词：多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么HSK 1一04
词类 · 代词
这些疑问代词用于询问不同信息：多/多大问年龄或程度，多少问数量，几问时间或序数，哪个/哪些问选择（单数/复数），哪儿/哪里问地点，什么问事物，谁问人，怎么问方式或原因。
These interrogative pronouns are used to ask for different types of information: 多/多大 for age or degree, 多少 for quantity, 几 for time or ordinal numbers, 哪个/哪些 for choices (singular/plural), 哪儿/哪里 for locations, 什么 for things, 谁 for people, and 怎么 for methods or reasons.
예문 (10)
他多大？
How old is he?
你们班有多少个学生？
How many students are in your class?
现在几点？
What time is it now?
你喜欢哪个电影？
Which movie do you like?
你们去哪儿？
Where are you going?
车站在哪里？
Where is the bus station?
你们班有哪些国家的学生？
What nationalities of students are in your class?
你买什么？
What are you buying?
谁是老师？
Who is the teacher?
你怎么去医院？
How do you go to the hospital?
疑问句HSK 1一33
句子的类型 · 句类
疑问句用于提问，分为是非问句（句末加“吗”）、特指问句（用疑问代词如“谁”“什么”）、选择问句（用“还是”连接选项）、正反问句（用“V不V”或“V没V”结构）。这些结构帮助询问信息、确认事实或选择。
Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions and are categorized into yes/no questions (ending with "吗"), wh-questions (using interrogative pronouns like "谁" or "什么"), alternative questions (using "还是" to present options), and A-not-A questions (using structures like "V不V" or "V没V"). These structures help seek information, confirm facts, or present choices.
- 是非问句
- 特指问句
- 选择问句
- 正反问句
예문 (11)
他是老师吗？
Is he a teacher?
那儿现在热吗？
Is it hot there now?
谁跟你一起去书店？
Who is going with you to the bookstore?
你想买什么？
What do you want to buy?
你爸爸是老师还是医生？
Is your father a teacher or a doctor?
你们坐火车去还是坐飞机去？
Are you going by train or by plane?
你喝不喝牛奶？
Do you drink milk?
你吃没吃早饭？
Have you had breakfast?
你吃早饭了没有？
Have you eaten breakfast yet?
今天冷不冷？
Is it cold today?
这个房间干净不干净？
Is this room clean?
变化态：用动态助词“了”表示HSK 1一40
动作的态
动态助词“了”放在动词或形容词后，表示状态的变化或动作的完成。否定形式用“没”，后面不加“了”。
The particle '了' follows a verb or adjective to indicate a change of state or completion of an action. The negative form uses '没' without '了'.
예문 (3)
她病了。/她没病。
She is sick now. / She is not sick.
雨小了。/雨没小。
The rain has gotten lighter. / The rain hasn't gotten lighter.
他吃早饭了。/他没吃早饭。
He has eaten breakfast. / He hasn't eaten breakfast.
完成态：用动态助词“了”表示HSK 1一41
动作的态
动态助词“了”用在动词后表示动作已经完成。否定形式用“没”，后面不加“了”。
The particle 'le' is used after a verb to indicate that an action has been completed. In negative sentences, 'mei' is used without 'le'.
예문 (2)
他买了两个面包。/他没买面包。
He bought two loaves of bread. / He didn't buy any bread.
我喝了很多水。/我没喝水。
I drank a lot of water. / I didn't drink any water.
进行态HSK 1一42
动作的态
表示动作正在进行中，常用“在”“正在”或句末“呢”来标记。
Indicates an action is currently in progress, often marked by "在" (zài), "正在" (zhèngzài), or the particle "呢" (ne) at the end of the sentence.
- ⋯⋯在/正在+动词
- ⋯⋯在/正/正在+动词⋯⋯+呢
- ⋯⋯呢
예문 (8)
孩子在睡觉，你别说话。
The child is sleeping, please don't talk.
外边正在下雨。
It is raining outside.
你等一下儿，他在打电话呢。
Wait a moment, he is on the phone.
老师进来的时候，我正听歌呢。
When the teacher came in, I was listening to music.
同学们正在考试呢。
The students are taking an exam.
我没看电视，看书呢。
I'm not watching TV; I'm reading.
甲：你在做什么？
A: What are you doing?
乙：我洗衣服呢。
B: I'm doing the laundry.