方向補語（趋向补语）
方向補語: 来, 去, 上来, 下去及び拡張用法
趋向补语1HSK 2二50
句子成分 · 补语
趋向补语用于表示动作的方向或趋势，'来'表示向说话者方向移动，'去'表示远离说话者方向移动，其他趋向补语如'上、下、进、起、过、回、开'表示不同的空间或抽象方向。
Directional complements indicate the direction or trend of an action. '来' shows movement toward the speaker, '去' shows movement away from the speaker, and other complements like '上、下、进、起、过、回、开' indicate different spatial or abstract directions.
- 动词+ 来 / 去
- 动词+ 上 / 下 / 进 / 起 / 过 / 回 / 开
例文 (14)
简单趋向补语的趋向意义用法
The directional meaning usage of simple directional complements
你看，他向这边走来了。
Look, he is walking toward this way.
甲：这件礼物怎么给他？
A: How should I give this gift to him?
乙：你给他带去吧。
B: You should take it to him.
我明天带一个相机来。
I'll bring a camera tomorrow.
他昨天带了一个相机。
He brought a camera yesterday.
甲：你的词典呢？
A: Where is your dictionary?
乙：不好意思，我没拿来。
B: Sorry, I didn't bring it.
你爬上十九楼了没有？
Have you climbed up to the 19th floor yet?
我没爬上十九楼，到十楼就不行了。
I didn't make it to the 19th floor; I stopped at the 10th floor.
爸爸从车上拿下电脑，放回房间。
Dad took the computer off the car and put it back in the room.
妈妈走上二楼，从包里拿出一封信。
Mom walked up to the second floor and took a letter out of her bag.
车开进学校了，我们快过去吧。
The car has driven into the school; let's go over there quickly.
你打开包给我看看。
Open your bag and show me.
趋向补语2HSK 3三47
句子成分 · 补语
复合趋向补语用于表示动作的方向性，说明物体从某处移动到另一处的趋向。这些补语由两个趋向动词组成（如出来、进去、过来、过去等），与主要动词结合使用，表达具体的移动方向和位置变化。
Compound directional complements indicate the direction of an action, showing how something moves from one place to another. These complements consist of two directional verbs (such as chulai, jinqu, guolai, guoqu, etc.) and combine with the main verb to express specific movement directions and positional changes.
- 复合趋向补语的趋向意义用法：动词+出来/出去/过来/过去/回来/回去/进来/进去/起来/上来/上去/下来/下去
例文 (16)
他从书包里拿了一本书出来。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他从书包里拿出一本书来。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他从书包里拿出来一本书。
He took a book out of his schoolbag.
他慢慢地走出教室去了。
He slowly walked out of the classroom.
汽车开过来了，咱们准备上车。
The car is coming over, let's get ready to board.
他在桥那边，我们走过去吧。
He is on the other side of the bridge, let's walk over there.
我昨天买回来了一些水果。
I bought some fruit back yesterday.
这儿离学校很近，我们走回去吧。
This place is very close to school, let's walk back.
外边的桌子你搬进来了没有？
Have you moved the table from outside in?
桌子我还没搬进来。
I haven't moved the table in yet.
这些书不能放在外边，应该拿进去。
These books cannot be left outside; they should be taken inside.
你站起来。
Stand up.
你的电脑拿上来了没有？
Have you brought your computer up?
他突然跑上二楼去了。
He suddenly ran up to the second floor.
他从二楼走下来了。
He walked down from the second floor.
行李你帮我拿下去吧。
Please help me take the luggage down.
趋向补语3HSK 4四37
句子成分 · 补语
趋向补语'上/出/起/下'附加在动词后，表示动作完成后的结果或状态变化。
The directional complements 'up/out/up/down' added after verbs indicate the result or state change after an action is completed.
- 表示结果意义（引申用法）：动词+上/出/起/下
例文 (5)
请同学们离开教室时关上窗户。
Please make sure to close the windows when leaving the classroom.
他向父母说出了自己的愿望。
He expressed his wish to his parents.
他终于想起了当时的情况。
He finally recalled the situation at that time.
他们建立起了亲密的朋友关系。
They have established a close friendship.
请留下你的地址和手机号。
Please leave your address and phone number.
趋向补语 4：表示时间意义（引申用法）HSK 5五34
句子成分 · 补语
表示动作行为的开始用“动词+上/起来”，表示动作行为的持续用“动词+下去/下来”。
Use 'verb + 上/起来' to indicate the beginning of an action, and 'verb + 下去/下来' to indicate the continuation of an action.
- 表示动作行为的开始：动词+上/起来
- 表示动作行为的持续：动词+下去/下来
例文 (7)
这孩子又玩儿上游戏了。
This child has started playing games again.
他大声地哭起来了。
He started crying loudly.
这项工作上个月就干起来了。
This job was started last month.
别紧张，你说下去。
Don't be nervous, go on speaking.
你这样坚持下去一定能成功。
If you keep persisting like this, you will definitely succeed.
你的中文说得不错，我建议你继续学下去。
Your Chinese is quite good; I suggest you continue learning.
在这三年里，我把每天锻炼一个小时的习惯保持下来了。
Over these three years, I have maintained the habit of exercising for one hour every day.
趋向补语5HSK 6六39
句子成分 · 补语
该结构用于表示状态的变化趋势，如从动态转为静态（下来/下去）或从静止转为动态/恢复常态（起来/过来），强调状态的延续、改变或复原。
This structure indicates the trend of a state change, such as shifting from dynamic to static (下来/下去) or from static to dynamic/restoring normalcy (起来/过来), emphasizing the continuation, alteration, or restoration of a state.
例文 (5)
表示状态意义（引申用法）：动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来
Indicates a state meaning (extended usage): Verb/Adjective + 下来/下去/起来/过来
老师一进教室，同学们很快安静了下来。
As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students quickly calmed down.
他对工作的兴趣渐渐淡了下去。
His interest in the work gradually faded away.
我们先把礼物藏起来。
Let's hide the gifts away for now.
经过医生的抢救，他终于醒过来了。
After the doctor's rescue efforts, he finally came to.