Kata Tanya (疑问词)
Kata ganti tanya dan struktur pertanyaan dalam bahasa Mandarin
疑问代词：多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么HSK 1一04
词类 · 代词
这些疑问代词用于询问不同信息：多/多大问年龄或程度，多少问数量，几问时间或序数，哪个/哪些问选择（单数/复数），哪儿/哪里问地点，什么问事物，谁问人，怎么问方式或原因。
These interrogative pronouns are used to ask for different types of information: 多/多大 for age or degree, 多少 for quantity, 几 for time or ordinal numbers, 哪个/哪些 for choices (singular/plural), 哪儿/哪里 for locations, 什么 for things, 谁 for people, and 怎么 for methods or reasons.
Contoh (10)
他多大？
How old is he?
你们班有多少个学生？
How many students are in your class?
现在几点？
What time is it now?
你喜欢哪个电影？
Which movie do you like?
你们去哪儿？
Where are you going?
车站在哪里？
Where is the bus station?
你们班有哪些国家的学生？
What nationalities of students are in your class?
你买什么？
What are you buying?
谁是老师？
Who is the teacher?
你怎么去医院？
How do you go to the hospital?
疑问句HSK 1一33
句子的类型 · 句类
疑问句用于提问，分为是非问句（句末加“吗”）、特指问句（用疑问代词如“谁”“什么”）、选择问句（用“还是”连接选项）、正反问句（用“V不V”或“V没V”结构）。这些结构帮助询问信息、确认事实或选择。
Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions and are categorized into yes/no questions (ending with "吗"), wh-questions (using interrogative pronouns like "谁" or "什么"), alternative questions (using "还是" to present options), and A-not-A questions (using structures like "V不V" or "V没V"). These structures help seek information, confirm facts, or present choices.
- 是非问句
- 特指问句
- 选择问句
- 正反问句
Contoh (11)
他是老师吗？
Is he a teacher?
那儿现在热吗？
Is it hot there now?
谁跟你一起去书店？
Who is going with you to the bookstore?
你想买什么？
What do you want to buy?
你爸爸是老师还是医生？
Is your father a teacher or a doctor?
你们坐火车去还是坐飞机去？
Are you going by train or by plane?
你喝不喝牛奶？
Do you drink milk?
你吃没吃早饭？
Have you had breakfast?
你吃早饭了没有？
Have you eaten breakfast yet?
今天冷不冷？
Is it cold today?
这个房间干净不干净？
Is this room clean?
用“吗”提问HSK 1一45
提问的方法
在陈述句句末加“吗”构成是非问句，用于询问事实或确认情况。
Add 'ma' at the end of a declarative sentence to form a yes/no question, used to ask about facts or confirm situations.
Contoh (2)
他是老师吗？
Is he a teacher?
这包子好吃吗？
Are these buns delicious?
用 "多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么”提问HSK 1一46
提问的方法
这些疑问词用于针对不同信息进行提问：'多'询问年龄，'多少'和'几'询问数量，'哪'、'哪儿'、'哪里'询问地点或选择，'哪些'询问复数事物，'什么'询问事物或内容，'谁'询问人物，'怎么'询问方式或方法。
These question words are used to ask for different types of information: '多' asks about age, '多少' and '几' ask about quantity, '哪', '哪儿', and '哪里' ask about location or choice, '哪些' asks about plural items, '什么' asks about things or content, '谁' asks about people, and '怎么' asks about manner or method.
Contoh (10)
你哥哥多大？
How old is your older brother?
车上有多少个人？
How many people are on the bus?
你家有几口人？
How many people are in your family?
她是哪国人？
What nationality is she?
我们在哪儿见面？
Where shall we meet?
你去哪里了？
Where did you go?
你看了哪些书
Which books did you read?
你星期天做什么？
What do you do on Sundays?
谁要喝茶？
Who wants tea?
这个字怎么读？
How do you read this character?
用“还是”提问HSK 1一47
提问的方法
用“还是”在两个或多个选项之间进行选择提问。
Use '还是' to ask questions that require choosing between two or more options.
Contoh (2)
她妈妈是老师还是医生？
Is her mother a teacher or a doctor?
你喝水还是喝牛奶？
Do you drink water or milk?
用正反疑问形式提问HSK 1一48
提问的方法
通过重复动词或形容词的肯定与否定形式构成疑问句，用于询问对方是否同意或确认某种情况，无需使用疑问助词'吗'。
Form questions by repeating the affirmative and negative forms of verbs/adjectives to ask about agreement or confirmation, without using the question particle '吗'.
Contoh (6)
这本书贵不贵？
Is this book expensive or not?
电影好看不好看？
Is the movie good-looking or not?
你吃不吃包子？
Are you going to eat buns or not?
他去没去图书馆？
Did he go to the library or not?
他回家了没有？
Has he gone home or not?
你饿了没有？
Are you hungry or not?
疑问代词：多久、为什么、怎么样、怎样HSK 2二05
词类 · 代词
这些疑问代词用于提问：'多久'询问时间长度，'为什么'询问原因，'怎么样'和'怎样'询问状态、情况或方式。
These interrogative pronouns are used for asking questions: '多久' asks about duration, '为什么' asks about reasons, and '怎么样'/'怎样' ask about condition, situation, or manner.
Contoh (4)
昨天的作业，你写了多久？
How long did you spend on yesterday's homework?
你为什么不去上课？
Why didn't you go to class?
爸爸的身体怎么样？
How is Dad's health?
这个字怎样写？
How do you write this character?
用“好吗、可以吗、行吗、怎么样”提问HSK 2二75
提问的方法
这些词语都用于提出建议、请求或征求对方意见，放在句末构成疑问句。'好吗'和'可以吗'较为礼貌，'行吗'较口语化，'怎么样'用于提出建议并征求意见。
These words are used to make suggestions, requests, or ask for the other person's opinion, placed at the end of a sentence to form a question. '好吗' and '可以吗' are more polite, '行吗' is more colloquial, and '怎么样' is used to make suggestions and ask for feedback.
Contoh (4)
我们明天八点出发，好吗？
We're leaving tomorrow at 8 o'clock, okay?
你明天早点儿来，可以吗？
Can you come a bit earlier tomorrow?
你的词典借我用用，行吗？
Can I borrow your dictionary?
我们今天吃面条儿，怎么样？
How about having noodles today?
用 "什么时候、什么样、为什么、怎么样、怎样”提问HSK 2二76
提问的方法
这些疑问词用于不同类型的提问，分别询问时间、特征、原因、状态和方式。
These question words are used for different types of questions, asking about time, characteristics, reasons, conditions, and methods respectively.
Contoh (5)
你们什么时候见面？
When do you meet?
你喜欢什么样的朋友？
What kind of friends do you like?
你为什么没去上课？
Why didn't you go to class?
明天天气怎么样？
How's the weather tomorrow?
你明天怎样去学校？
How will you go to school tomorrow?
用“呢”构成的省略式疑问句“代词/名词+呢？”提问HSK 2二77
提问的方法
这种句式用于在已知一个信息的情况下，询问另一人或事物的情况，省略了与前文相同的谓语部分。
This structure is used to ask about another person or thing when one piece of information is already known, omitting the predicate that is the same as the previous context.
Contoh (2)
我去医院，你呢？
I'm going to the hospital, what about you?
书在桌子上，笔呢？
The book is on the table, where's the pen?
用“是不是”提问HSK 2二78
提问的方法
“是不是”用于提出是非疑问句，通过重复动词或整个句子来确认事实或情况，相当于英语中的反义疑问句结构。
Used to form yes/no questions by repeating the verb or entire clause to confirm facts/situations, similar to English tag questions.
Contoh (3)
你要去体育馆打球，是不是？
You're going to the gym to play ball, right?
是不是你拿了我的笔？
Did you take my pen?
你是不是有很多中国朋友？
Do you have many Chinese friends?
用“吧”提问HSK 2二79
提问的方法
用“吧”提问表示说话人对某事有某种推测或判断，希望对方确认，语气比较委婉。
Using '吧' in a question indicates the speaker's speculation or assumption and seeks confirmation from the listener, making the tone more polite and tentative.
Contoh (2)
您是经理吧？
You are the manager, right?
你以前学过中文吧？
You've studied Chinese before, haven't you?
疑问代词的非疑问用法HSK 3三07
词类 · 代词
疑问代词的非疑问用法包括任指用法和不定指用法。任指用法中，疑问代词与'都'或重复使用表示'任何人/任何事物都...'；不定指用法中，疑问代词表示某个不确定的人或事物。
The non-interrogative use of question words includes universal reference and indefinite reference. In universal reference, question words combined with 'dōu' or repeated indicate 'anyone/anything'; in indefinite reference, question words refer to an unspecified person or thing.
- 任指用法
- 不定指用法
Contoh (15)
①疑问代词+都
① Question word + 'dōu'
谁都喜欢她。
Everyone likes her.
我吃什么都行。
Whatever I eat is fine.
你什么时候来都可以。
It's fine whenever you come.
我哪儿都没去过。
I haven't been anywhere.
你想怎么去都没问题。
It's no problem however you want to go.
②疑问代词+疑问代词
② Question word + Question word
你们随便吃，想吃什么吃什么。
You can eat whatever you like.
谁想参加比赛谁就报名参加。
Whoever wants to participate should sign up.
他们几点来就几点开始。
They'll start at whatever time they arrive.
你怎么做，我就怎么做。
Whatever you do, I'll do the same.
他们各做各的，谁也不帮谁。
They each do their own thing, and no one helps anyone.
我好像在哪儿见过你。
I think I've seen you somewhere before.
你们先吃点儿什么再去公园吧。
You should eat something first before going to the park.
要是你一个人搬不动，就请谁来帮一下儿吧。
If you can't move it by yourself, ask someone to help.
用疑问语调表示疑问HSK 3三78
提问的方法
在口语中，通过句末语调上扬（升调）将陈述句变为疑问句，常用于确认信息或表示惊讶。
In spoken Chinese, a statement can be turned into a question by raising the intonation at the end (rising tone), often used to confirm information or express surprise.
Contoh (2)
今天是星期六？
Is today Saturday?
你打算去旅行？
Are you planning to travel?
疑问代词：何HSK 7七—九002
词类 · 代词
“何”是文言色彩的疑问代词，用于询问时间、事物或原因，常见于“何时”“何故”“有何”等结构，多用于正式或书面语境。
'何' is a classical Chinese interrogative pronoun used to ask about time, things, or reasons, commonly found in structures like '何时' (when), '何故' (why), or '有何' (what), typically in formal or written contexts.
Contoh (2)
我们何时出发？
When will we depart?
不管你有何疑问，都可以到办公室找我。
No matter what questions you have, you can find me in the office.