指示代词：这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的
Penjelasan
这、那等指示代词用于指代人、事物或地点，其中"这"系列表示近指，"那"系列表示远指；"这儿/这里"和"那儿/那里"分别表示近处和远处的地点；"这些/那些"用于复数；"别的"表示其他；"有的"表示部分。
Demonstrative pronouns like 这 (this) and 那 (that) are used to point to people, things, or locations, with the 这 series indicating proximity and the 那 series indicating distance; 这儿/这里 and 那儿/那里 refer to nearby and distant places respectively; 这些/那些 are used for plural items; 别的 means "other"; and 有的 means "some".
Contoh
这是谁的手机？
Whose phone is this?
她喜欢那个书包。
She likes that schoolbag.
这儿很好。
This place is very nice.
我去那儿学习。
I go there to study.
你坐这里，弟弟坐那里。
You sit here, and your younger brother sits there.
这些书很新。
These books are very new.
那些东西都很贵。
Those things are all very expensive.
你还要别的东西吗？
Do you need anything else?
有的同学在休息，有的同学在看书。
Some classmates are resting, while others are reading.
Tata Bahasa Terkait
疑问代词：多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么HSK 1一04
词类 · 代词
这些疑问代词用于询问不同信息：多/多大问年龄或程度，多少问数量，几问时间或序数，哪个/哪些问选择（单数/复数），哪儿/哪里问地点，什么问事物，谁问人，怎么问方式或原因。
These interrogative pronouns are used to ask for different types of information: 多/多大 for age or degree, 多少 for quantity, 几 for time or ordinal numbers, 哪个/哪些 for choices (singular/plural), 哪儿/哪里 for locations, 什么 for things, 谁 for people, and 怎么 for methods or reasons.
Contoh (10)
他多大？
How old is he?
你们班有多少个学生？
How many students are in your class?
现在几点？
What time is it now?
你喜欢哪个电影？
Which movie do you like?
你们去哪儿？
Where are you going?
车站在哪里？
Where is the bus station?
你们班有哪些国家的学生？
What nationalities of students are in your class?
你买什么？
What are you buying?
谁是老师？
Who is the teacher?
你怎么去医院？
How do you go to the hospital?
人称代词：我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们HSK 1一05
词类 · 代词
人称代词用于指代说话者、听话者或第三者，包括单数和复数形式。'您'是'你'的尊称，用于表示尊敬或礼貌。
Personal pronouns are used to refer to the speaker, the listener, or third parties, including both singular and plural forms. '您' is the respectful form of '你', used to show respect or politeness.
Contoh (7)
你好，我要两个本子。
Hello, I want two notebooks.
您好！
Hello! (formal)
他想喝水。
He wants to drink water.
她很高。
She is very tall.
我们去书店，你们去哪儿？
We're going to the bookstore, where are you going?
他们是学生。
They are students.
她们是我的同学。
They (female) are my classmates.