HSK 5
71 poin tata bahasa指示代词：彼此、如此HSK 5五01
词类 · 代词
“彼此”指代双方或多方，表示相互之间的关系，常作状语或宾语；“如此”是指示代词，表示程度或方式，意为“这样”、“那样”，常用来修饰形容词或动词。
"彼此" refers to both or multiple parties, indicating a mutual relationship, often functioning as an adverbial or object; "如此" is a demonstrative pronoun indicating degree or manner, meaning "such" or "in this way", often modifying adjectives or verbs.
Contoh (4)
朋友之间应该彼此信任。
Friends should trust each other.
我们是多年的好朋友，不分彼此。
We have been close friends for many years, and there is no distinction between us.
十年后，两座城市的发展状况如此不同。
Ten years later, the development of the two cities is so different.
他如此认真地锻炼是为了有个健康的身体。
He exercises so diligently in order to have a healthy body.
名重词：册、朵、幅、届、颗、匹、扇HSK 5五02
词类 · 量词
这些词是中文中常用的量词，用于与数词搭配，修饰不同类别的名词（如书籍、花卉、图画、会议届次、小颗粒物体、马匹、门窗等），以准确表达数量。
These are common Chinese measure words used with numerals to quantify specific types of nouns (such as books, flowers, paintings, academic sessions, small round objects, horses, doors/windows, etc.), ensuring accurate expression of quantity.
Contoh (1)
一册书 一朵花 一幅画 一届学生 一颗糖 一匹布 一扇窗户
A volume of book, a flower, a painting, a session of students, a piece of candy, a bolt of cloth, a window
程度副词：过于、可、稍、稍微、尤其HSK 5五03
词类 · 副词
这些程度副词用于修饰形容词或动词，表示不同程度的强调：'过于'表示程度过头（常含负面义）；'可'表示强调，常用于感叹句；'稍'和'稍微'表示程度轻或数量少；'尤其'表示在整体中特别突出某一点。
These degree adverbs modify adjectives or verbs to express varying levels of emphasis: '过于' indicates excessive degree (often negative); '可' emphasizes, commonly used in exclamatory sentences; '稍' and '稍微' indicate slight degree or small amount; '尤其' highlights a particular point within a whole.
Contoh (5)
这件事发生得过于突然了。
This incident happened too suddenly.
他女朋友可漂亮了！
His girlfriend is so beautiful!
这幅画再挂得稍高一点儿。
Hang this painting a little higher.
稍微坚持一下儿，马上就结束了。
Hold on just a little longer; it will be over right away.
她喜欢运动，尤其是游泳。
She likes sports, especially swimming.
范围副词：大都HSK 5五04
词类 · 副词
表示大部分或大多数，用于描述某事物在整体中的比例较高。
Indicates that a large proportion or the majority of something.
Contoh (3)
参加划船比赛的大都是女生。
Most of the participants in the rowing competition are girls.
我们班的学生大都很爱学习。
Most students in our class are very fond of studying.
小孩儿大都喜欢吃甜的。
Most children prefer eating sweet foods.
时间副词：不时、将、将要、仍旧、时常、时刻、依旧、一向HSK 5五05
词类 · 副词
这些时间副词用于表达动作或状态在时间上的特征，如频率（不时、时常）、将来性（将、将要）、持续性（仍旧、依旧）或一贯性（一向）。它们通常修饰动词，说明事件发生的时间模式。
These temporal adverbs express time-related characteristics of actions/states, including frequency (不时/时常), futurity (将/将要), continuity (仍旧/依旧), or habitual nature (一向). They typically modify verbs to indicate temporal patterns of events.
Contoh (8)
我不时想起过去的事情。
I often think back to the past.
明年我们将去国外考察。
Next year, we will go abroad for an inspection.
电视剧将要开始了。
The TV drama is about to start.
二十年过去了，他仍旧没结婚。
Twenty years have passed, and he is still unmarried.
长大以后，我时常怀念我的故乡。
After growing up, I frequently miss my hometown.
在国外，我时刻想念着国内的亲人。
While abroad, I constantly miss my family back home.
十年过去了，他依旧住在那里。
Ten years have passed, and he still lives there.
他一向不爱说话。
He has always been quiet.
频率、重复副词：偶尔、再次HSK 5五06
词类 · 副词
“偶尔”表示事情发生的频率较低，不是经常发生；“再次”表示事情重复发生，又一次出现。这两个副词都用于描述动作或事件发生的频率或重复性。
'偶尔' indicates low frequency of occurrence, meaning something happens infrequently. '再次' indicates repetition, meaning something happens again. Both adverbs describe the frequency or recurrence of actions or events.
Contoh (2)
他不常请假，只是偶尔迟到一次。
He doesn't take leave often; he only occasionally arrives late.
我们决不让类似的事情再次发生。
We will never allow similar incidents to happen again.
方式副词：偷偷HSK 5五07
词类 · 副词
“偷偷”是方式副词，表示动作是秘密进行的，不让人察觉。
'偷偷' is an adverb of manner indicating that an action is done secretly or stealthily, without being noticed by others.
Contoh (2)
我偷偷送给他一件礼物。
I secretly gave him a gift.
她偷偷地从窗户向外看。
She secretly looked out the window.
语气副词：毕竟、不免、差（一）点儿、倒是、干脆、就、居然、可、明明、总算HSK 5五08
词类 · 副词
这些语气副词用于表达说话人的态度、情感或强调某种情况，如表示原因（毕竟）、不可避免（不免）、几乎发生（差一点儿）、与预期相反（倒是）、果断决定（干脆）、强调肯定（就）、出乎意料（居然）、强调事实（明明）、终于实现（总算）等。
These modal adverbs express the speaker's attitude, emotion, or emphasis on a situation, such as indicating cause (毕竟), inevitability (不免), near occurrence (差一点儿), contrast with expectation (倒是), decisive action (干脆), strong affirmation (就), unexpected outcome (居然), clear fact (明明), or eventual completion (总算).
Contoh (10)
不要怪他，他毕竟还小。
Don't blame him; after all, he's still young.
第一次参加考试，不免有些紧张。
It's natural to feel a bit nervous when taking an exam for the first time.
我今天上学差点儿迟到。
I almost arrived late to school today.
这种做法倒是怪新鲜的，从来没见过。
This approach is actually quite novel; I've never seen anything like it before.
这个人不讲道理，我们干脆不和他合作了。
This person is unreasonable, so we might as well stop cooperating with him.
别劝我，我就要去。
Don't try to persuade me; I'm going anyway.
没想到，这件事居然是她干的。
I didn't expect it, but it turned out she was the one who did this.
我可记不住这么多生词。
I simply can't remember so many new words.
明明是你做的，为什么要说是别人做的？
It's clearly you who did it, so why are you saying someone else did it?
这本书总算学完了。
I've finally finished learning this book.
随着HSK 5五09
词类 · 引出时间、处所
“随着”是一个介词，表示一个事物或情况的变化伴随着另一个事物或情况的发生或发展，常用于描述时间推移、环境变化等引起的连锁反应。
"Suízhe" is a preposition used to indicate that one situation or process occurs or changes in conjunction with another, often describing how one factor evolves alongside another, such as time passing or environmental changes.
Contoh (2)
随着时间的推进，我慢慢理解了他的做法。
As time progressed, I gradually came to understand his approach.
随着冬天的到来，房间越来越冷。
With the arrival of winter, the room became colder and colder.
将HSK 5五10
词类 · 引出施事、受事
将（jiāng）是一个介词，相当于“把”，用于将宾语提到动词前面，强调对宾语的处理或处置。它常用于书面语或正式场合。
Jiāng (将) is a preposition equivalent to "bǎ", used to place the object before the verb to emphasize the handling or disposition of the object. It is commonly used in written language or formal contexts.
Contoh (2)
父母将他送到中国留学。
His parents sent him to China for studies.
禁止将书带出阅览室。
Taking books out of the reading room is prohibited.
由HSK 5五11
词类 · 引出施事、受事
介词“由”用于引出动作的发出者（施事）或表示责任、任务的归属，强调某人承担某种职责或执行某个动作。
The preposition "由" is used to introduce the agent of an action or to indicate the assignment of responsibility, emphasizing that someone bears a specific duty or performs a certain action.
Contoh (2)
这道题由你来回答吧。
Let's have you answer this question.
这件事情由班长负责。
The class monitor is in charge of this matter.
凭HSK 5五12
词类 · 引出凭借、依据
“凭”作为介词，用于引出动作的依据、凭借或基础，表示“根据”“依靠”的意思。
“凭” functions as a preposition to introduce the basis, foundation, or reliance of an action, meaning 'based on' or 'according to'.
Contoh (2)
凭他的水平，通过这次考试没有问题。
Based on his level, there's no problem passing this exam.
凭经验进行判断往往是不准确的。
Making judgments based on experience is often inaccurate.
依据HSK 5五13
词类 · 引出凭借、依据
“依据”表示以某种事实、线索或理论作为行动或判断的根据。
"依据" is used to indicate the basis, foundation, or grounds for an action or judgment.
Contoh (2)
要依据事实办事。
One must act based on facts.
警察依据线索抓住了坏人。
The police caught the bad guy based on the clues.
依照HSK 5五14
词类 · 引出凭借、依据
依照用于表示按照某种方式、标准或规定来行动或判断，强调遵循特定依据。
According to is used to indicate action or judgment based on a specific method, standard, or regulation, emphasizing compliance with a given criterion.
Contoh (2)
他想依照自己喜欢的方式去生活。
He wants to live his life according to the way he likes.
依照学校的规定，学生要按时上课，不能迟到。
According to the school's regulations, students must attend classes on time and cannot be late.
连接分句或句子：从而、加上、完了、一旦HSK 5五15
词类 · 连词
从而表示因果关系，引出结果；加上用于补充原因或条件；完了作为连词表示时间先后；一旦强调假设条件成立后的必然结果。
从而 indicates causality leading to a result; 加上 adds supplementary reasons/conditions; 完了 functions as a temporal connector showing sequence; 一旦 emphasizes inevitable consequences when a hypothetical condition is met.
Contoh (4)
他努力学习，从而实现了当翻译的理想。
He studied hard, thereby realizing his dream of becoming a translator.
今天天气不太好，加上你还有很多作业，我们还是别去公园了吧。
The weather isn't great today, plus you have a lot of homework, so maybe we shouldn't go to the park after all.
你快点儿写作业，完了我们去公园玩儿。
Hurry up with your homework, and then we'll go to the park.
你要想好了，一旦选择了就不能放弃。
Think carefully before deciding, because once you choose, you can't back out.
其他助词：也好HSK 5五16
词类 · 助词
“也好”用于表示让步或不在乎的态度，意思是即使这样也可以，或者无论哪种情况都可以。也可以用于提出建议，表示这样做有好处。
"也好" is used to express concession or indifference, meaning "it's fine even if..." or "it doesn't matter whether...". It can also be used to make a suggestion, indicating that doing so has benefits.
Contoh (3)
让他亲自在现场试一试也好。
It would be fine if he tried it himself on site.
你来也好，不来也好，随便吧。
It doesn't matter whether you come or not, I'm fine either way.
多学一门语言也好，将来可以凭此找份工作。
Learning an extra language is a good idea, as you can use it to find a job in the future.
A来A去HSK 5五17
短语 · 四字格
表示动作反复进行或来回移动的状态，强调持续性或重复性。
Indicates repeated actions or back-and-forth movements, emphasizing continuity or repetition.
Contoh (3)
想来想去，还是小王最合适。
After thinking it over and over, Xiao Wang is still the most suitable.
大家讨论来讨论去，最后还是没解决。
The group discussed back and forth, but ultimately still couldn't resolve it.
她是一名导游，经常在世界各地飞来飞去。
She works as a tour guide, frequently flying back and forth around the world.
A着A着HSK 5五18
短语 · 四字格
表示动作持续进行过程中突然发生变化或产生新结果，强调前后动作的连贯性与突发性
Used to describe an action that suddenly changes or leads to another state while being ongoing, emphasizing continuity and sudden transition
Contoh (2)
她说着说着就哭起来了。
She was talking and suddenly started crying.
我躺在床上看电视，看着看着就睡着了。
I was lying in bed watching TV and fell asleep while still watching.
没A没BHSK 5五19
短语 · 四字格
表示既没有A也没有B，强调两者都缺失的状态，常用来描述缺乏某种条件或品质的情况。
This structure indicates the absence of both A and B, emphasizing a state where neither element is present, often used to describe a lack of certain conditions or qualities.
Contoh (2)
一上午没吃没喝，我要饿死了。
I haven't eaten or drunk anything all morning. I'm starving to death.
这孩子说话没大没小的，一点儿礼貌都没有。
This child speaks without any regard for age or status, showing no manners at all.
说A就AHSK 5五20
短语 · 四字格
这个短语表示一说到某个行动就立即去做，强调行动迅速、毫不犹豫，常用于鼓励立即行动或描述果断的行为。
This phrase means to immediately take action as soon as the idea is mentioned, emphasizing quick and decisive action without hesitation, often used to encourage immediate action or describe resolute behavior.
Contoh (2)
为什么人生需要有一次说走就走的旅行？
Why does life need a trip where you go as soon as you say go?
说干就干，只有干才能找到办法。
Do as soon as you say do; only by doing can you find solutions.
有A有BHSK 5五21
短语 · 四字格
该结构用于列举两个并列的成分，表示两者同时存在或参与，常用来描述场景或状态。
This structure lists two parallel elements to indicate that both are present or involved, often describing a scene or state.
Contoh (3)
下课了，同学们有说有笑地走出了教室。
After class, the students walked out of the classroom laughing and chatting.
这里的农村有山有水，空气好，农民们过上了好日子。
The rural area here has mountains and rivers, fresh air, and the farmers are living good lives.
节日的公园里有男有女，有老有少，十分热闹。
During the festival, the park was bustling with both men and women, both young and old, creating a lively atmosphere.
不得了HSK 5五22
短语 · 其他
“不得了”表示程度极高，既可用来称赞某人或某事非常出色、了不起，也可用来形容情况严重、危急或糟糕。
"不得了" indicates an extreme degree, used either to praise someone or something as exceptionally impressive, or to describe a situation as serious, urgent, or disastrous.
Contoh (3)
你又考了第一名，真是不得了！
You got first place again, that's really impressive!
不得了了，房间里进水了。
Oh no, there's water flooding into the room!
完了完了，不得了了，电脑坏了。
It's over, it's over, this is a disaster, the computer is broken.
不敢当HSK 5五23
短语 · 其他
用于谦虚地回应他人的赞美或感谢，表示自己不配接受这样的荣誉或称赞。
Used to humbly respond to compliments or thanks, indicating that one does not deserve such honor or praise.
Contoh (3)
这样的奖励我真是不敢当。
I truly feel unworthy of such an award.
不敢当，我只是做了我应该做的事情。
I don't deserve such praise; I only did what I should have done.
您千万别这样说，我实在是不敢当。
Please don't say that; I'm truly unworthy of such honor.
得了HSK 5五24
短语 · 其他
“得了”在此处有两种用法：一是表示建议或决定，意为“算了”、“就这样吧”；二是表示反驳或制止，意为“得了吧”、“别说了”。
Here, '得了' has two usages: one is to suggest or decide, meaning 'let it be' or 'just do it'; the other is to refute or stop, meaning 'come on' or 'stop it'.
Contoh (3)
麻烦别人还不如你自己去得了。
It's less trouble to just go yourself than to bother someone else.
得了吧，他不可能帮助别人的。
Come on, there's no way he would help others.
你可得了吧，谁能这么想呢？
Don't be ridiculous, who would think like that?
用不着HSK 5五25
短语 · 其他
“用不着”用于表示某事没有必要做或不需要某种行为/状态，强调无需采取特定行动或担忧。
The phrase '用不着' indicates that something is unnecessary or not needed, emphasizing that no specific action or concern is required.
Contoh (3)
你有话可以直接说，用不着害怕。
You can just say what you have to say directly; there's no need to be afraid.
用不着听他的，他什么都不懂。
There's no need to listen to him; he doesn't understand anything at all.
孩子们都工作了，您用不着担心了。
Your children are all working now, so you don't need to worry anymore.
从⋯⋯来看HSK 5五26
固定格式
“从⋯⋯来看”用于根据某个角度、依据或事实进行判断或得出结论。
This structure is used to express a judgment or conclusion based on a specific perspective, evidence, or fact.
Contoh (3)
从这个角度来看，很多问题都可以解决。
From this perspective, many problems can be solved.
从他的考试成绩来看，他平时根本没有认真学习。
Judging from his exam results, he has not been studying seriously at all.
从以往的经验来看，这件事基本上没有问题。
Based on past experience, there is basically no problem with this matter.
到⋯⋯为止HSK 5五27
固定格式
表示从某个时间点开始一直到另一个时间点为止，强调时间范围或截止点。
Indicates a time range or deadline, meaning "up to" or "as of" a certain point in time.
Contoh (3)
到目前为止，他还没有舟过什么错。
So far, he hasn't made any mistakes yet.
我的报告到此为止，谢谢！
My report ends here. Thank you!
到昨天为止，这个项目已经完成了一半。
As of yesterday, half of this project has been completed.
够⋯⋯的HSK 5五28
固定格式
“够⋯⋯的”用于表示某种性质或状态达到了相当高的程度，常用于评价或感叹，强调程度之深。
The structure "够⋯⋯的" is used to indicate that a certain quality or state has reached a considerable degree, often used for evaluation or exclamation, emphasizing the depth of the degree.
Contoh (3)
眼前这几件事就够他忙的了。
These few things right in front of him are enough to keep him busy.
他可真够聪明的，竟然抓住了这个机会。
He is truly smart enough to have seized this opportunity.
这本书够难的，他肯定看不懂。
This book is quite difficult; he definitely won't be able to understand it.
拿⋯⋯来说HSK 5五29
固定格式
“拿……来说”是一个固定格式，用于举例说明，意思是“以……为例”或“就拿……来说”，用来引出某个具体的例子来支持或说明前面的观点。
“拿……来说” is a fixed structure used to give an example, meaning "taking ... as an example" or "speaking of ...", used to introduce a specific example to support or illustrate a preceding point.
Contoh (3)
拿成绩来说，他绝对是第一。
Taking grades as an example, he is definitely the top.
拿这件事来说，你没有做错什么。
Speaking of this matter, you haven't done anything wrong.
拿这次考试来说，只要平时努力就能通过。
Taking this exam as an example, as long as you study hard usually, you can pass.
A的A，B的BHSK 5五30
固定格式
用于列举事物的不同类别或状态，强调各自的情况或差异。
Used to list different categories or states of things, emphasizing their respective conditions or differences.
Contoh (3)
衣服大的大，小的小，没有一件合适的。
The clothes are either too big or too small; none of them fit.
家里老的老，少的少，我们得帮帮她。
With the elderly and the young at home, we need to help her.
这里的建筑高的高，低的低，不太整齐。
The buildings here vary greatly in height, making the area look disorganized.
在 …… 看来HSK 5五31
固定格式
用来表达某人的观点或看法，常用于引述他人的意见或评价。
Used to express someone's opinion or perspective, often to cite another person's view or evaluation.
Contoh (3)
在我看来，这次中文考试实在是太难了。
In my opinion, this Chinese exam was really too difficult.
在很多人看来，这件事没有那么简单。
In many people's opinion, this matter is not as simple as it seems.
在老师看来，每一个学生都有自已的优点。
From the teacher's perspective, every student has their own strengths.
宾语的语义类型1HSK 5五32
句子成分 · 宾语
汉语中宾语可以是动作的执行者（施事宾语）或承受者（受事宾语），这取决于动词的性质和句子的语义结构。
In Chinese grammar, the object can be either the agent (doer of the action) or the patient (receiver of the action), depending on the verb type and sentence semantics.
- 施事宾语
- 受事宾语
Contoh (5)
家里来了一位客人。
A guest came to the home.
门口站着一个人。
There is a person standing at the door.
台上坐着很多领导。
Many leaders are sitting on the stage.
你们要认真对待这个考试。
You must take this exam seriously.
我们要去超市采购一批食品。
We are going to the supermarket to buy some food.
多项状语HSK 5五33
句子成分 · 状语
多项状语指在一个句子中同时出现多个状语成分，共同修饰谓语动词，通常按时间、地点、方式、目的等顺序排列。
Multiple adverbials refer to several adverbial elements co-occurring in a sentence to modify the predicate verb, typically arranged in the order of time, place, manner, purpose, etc.
Contoh (4)
他昨天在教室里认真地写完了作业。
Yesterday, he carefully completed his homework in the classroom.
她为了通过考试昨天在家复习了一整天。
In order to pass the exam, she studied at home all day yesterday.
我前天在路上意外地碰见了多年没见的老朋友。
The day before yesterday, I unexpectedly ran into an old friend I hadn't seen in years on the road.
我们下午在教室里都非常认真地对昨天的报告进行了讨论。
This afternoon, we all discussed yesterday's report very seriously in the classroom.
趋向补语 4：表示时间意义（引申用法）HSK 5五34
句子成分 · 补语
表示动作行为的开始用“动词+上/起来”，表示动作行为的持续用“动词+下去/下来”。
Use 'verb + 上/起来' to indicate the beginning of an action, and 'verb + 下去/下来' to indicate the continuation of an action.
- 表示动作行为的开始：动词+上/起来
- 表示动作行为的持续：动词+下去/下来
Contoh (7)
这孩子又玩儿上游戏了。
This child has started playing games again.
他大声地哭起来了。
He started crying loudly.
这项工作上个月就干起来了。
This job was started last month.
别紧张，你说下去。
Don't be nervous, go on speaking.
你这样坚持下去一定能成功。
If you keep persisting like this, you will definitely succeed.
你的中文说得不错，我建议你继续学下去。
Your Chinese is quite good; I suggest you continue learning.
在这三年里，我把每天锻炼一个小时的习惯保持下来了。
Over these three years, I have maintained the habit of exercising for one hour every day.
可能补语2：动词+得/不得HSK 5五35
句子成分 · 补语
“动词+得/不得”是汉语中一种表示可能性的补语结构，用于说明动作在客观上是否可行或允许。其中“动词+得”表示具备条件可以做某事，“动词+不得”表示不具备条件或不被允许做某事。
'Verb + de/de bu' is a Chinese complement structure indicating possibility, used to state whether an action is objectively feasible or permitted. 'Verb + de' means the action can be done due to conditions, while 'Verb + de bu' means it cannot or must not be done.
Contoh (3)
这种药吃得还是吃不得，得听医生的。
Whether this medicine can be taken or not, you must listen to the doctor.
这些东西你可拿不得，很危险的。
You must not touch these things; they are very dangerous.
这种没有原则的话可说不得。
You must not say such unprincipled remarks.
程度补语2HSK 5五36
句子成分 · 补语
该语法结构用于表达程度极高，带有夸张色彩。'不得了/慌/厉害'紧跟在'得'后作程度补语；'坏/透'则直接接在动词或形容词后并加'了'，强调程度达到顶点。
This grammatical structure is used to express an extremely high degree, often with an exaggerated tone. '不得了/慌/厉害' follows '得' as a degree complement; '坏/透' directly follows the verb or adjective and adds '了' to emphasize that the degree has reached its peak.
- 形容词/心理动词+得+不得了/慌/厉害
- 动词/形容词+坏/透+了
Contoh (6)
爸爸答应去公园，儿子开心得不得了。
The father promised to go to the park, and the son was overjoyed.
我只是累得慌，休息休息就好了。
I'm just feeling a bit tired, a little rest will do the trick.
听说要打针，她害怕得厉害。
Hearing that she has to get a shot, she was terrified.
这么晚了孩子还没回家，张老师担心坏了。
It's so late and the child still hasn't come home, Teacher Zhang is extremely worried.
这件事已经伤透了她的心，大家不要再提起。
This matter has already broken her heart; let's not bring it up again.
第一次被别人拒绝，我心情坏透了。
Being rejected by someone for the first time, I was in a terrible mood.
状态补语2：动词/形容词+得+短语HSK 5五37
句子成分 · 补语
状态补语2结构用于表示动作或状态达到的程度或结果，'得'后的短语描述前面动词或形容词所导致的具体表现。这种结构强调程度之深，常用于表达情感、身体状态或环境条件的影响。
This complement structure indicates the degree or result of an action or state, with the phrase after '得' describing the specific manifestation caused by the preceding verb or adjective. It emphasizes the intensity of the situation, commonly used to express emotions, physical states, or environmental effects.
- 动词/形容词+得+动词短语
- 动词/形容词+得+主谓短语
- 动词/形容词+得+固定短语
Contoh (9)
他难过得吃不下饭。
He was so sad that he couldn't eat.
她气得说不出话来。
She was so angry that she couldn't speak.
她伤心得哭了起来。
She was so sad that she started crying.
我早上没吃饭，饿得肚子疼。
I didn't eat breakfast in the morning, so I was so hungry that my stomach hurt.
房间里热得人头痛。
It was so hot in the room that people got headaches.
孩子得了冠军，父母乐得嘴都合不了。
The child won the championship, and the parents were so happy that they couldn't close their mouths.
第一次看到雪，我激动得又哭又笑。
Seeing snow for the first time, I was so excited that I was both crying and laughing.
女儿半夜还没回来，妈妈在房间里急得走来走去。
The daughter still hadn't come back by midnight, and the mother was so anxious in the room that she was pacing back and forth.
明天就是儿子的婚礼，父母高兴得跑前跑后。
Tomorrow is the son's wedding, and the parents are so happy that they're running around.
“有”字句3HSK 5五38
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
这个语法结构用于表示存在、具有或附着关系。"主语+有+着+宾语"强调存在某种状态或关系，而"主语+动词+有+宾语"则表示通过某种动作后留下的结果或状态。
This grammatical structure is used to express existence, possession, or attachment. "Subject + 有 + 着 + Object" emphasizes the existence of a certain state or relationship, while "Subject + Verb + 有 + Object" indicates the result or state remaining after an action.
- 表示存在、具有：主语+有+着+宾语
- 表示附着：主语+动词+有+宾语
Contoh (5)
两个国家之间有着长期的友好关系。
There exists a long-term friendly relationship between the two countries.
他们之间有着很深的误会。
There is a deep misunderstanding between them.
书上写有他的名字。
His name is written on the book.
这双筷子上刻有漂亮的图案。
This pair of chopsticks is engraved with beautiful patterns.
发票上列有商品的名称。
The invoice lists the names of the products.
“把”字句3：表处置HSK 5五39
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
“把”字句用于表达主语对宾语的处置或影响，强调动作对宾语产生的结果或变化。常见结构包括带状语、动词重叠、加“了”或双宾语形式。
The 'ba' construction indicates the subject's action on the object, emphasizing the resulting effect or change. Common patterns include adverbial modifiers, verb reduplication, adding '了', or double object structures.
- 主语+把+宾语+状语+动词
- 主语+把+宾语+一+动词
- 主语+把+宾语+动词+了
- 主语+把+宾语1+动词+宾语2
Contoh (8)
他总是把东西到处乱扔。
He always leaves things lying around everywhere.
下雨了，她赶紧把外面的东西往回收。
It started raining, so she hurriedly brought the outdoor items inside.
她把东西一放，转身就走了。
She put the things down and immediately turned to leave.
老师把门一关，开始上课了。
The teacher shut the door and began the class.
你怎么把这件事忘了？
How could you forget about this matter?
双方把合同签了。
Both parties signed the contract.
他把身上的钱交学费了。
He used the money on his person to pay for tuition.
我父母把存款买了房。
My parents used their savings to buy a house.
被动句3：意念被动句HSK 5五40
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
意念被动句是汉语中一种特殊的被动表达方式，主语是动作的承受者，但句中不使用“被”字，而是通过上下文或结果补语（如“光”“破”“完”）来体现被动意义。
The意念被动句 (notional passive) is a special passive construction in Chinese where the subject receives the action without using the word '被', typically indicated by context or resultative complements such as '光', '破', or '完'.
Contoh (3)
蛋糕吃光了。
The cake has been eaten up.
衣服穿破了。
The clothes have been worn out.
车票卖完了。
The train tickets have been sold out.
连动句3：前后两个动词性词语具有因果、转折、条件关系HSK 5五41
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
这种连动句表示前后两个动词性词语之间存在因果、转折或条件关系，前一个动作是后一个动作的原因、转折或条件。
This type of serial verb construction indicates that there is a causal, contrastive, or conditional relationship between two verb phrases, where the first action serves as the cause, contrast, or condition for the second action.
Contoh (3)
李老师生病住院了。
Teacher Li was hospitalized because he was ill.
这本书她借了没看。
She borrowed this book but didn't read it.
她有办法解决问题。
She has a way to solve the problem.
兼语句3HSK 5五42
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
兼语句表示致使意义，主语通过'叫/令/使/让'等动词使宾语执行某个动作或处于某种状态。
This sentence structure expresses causation, where the subject causes the object to perform an action or be in a certain state through verbs like '叫/令/使/让'.
- 表致使：主语+叫/令/使/让+人称代词+动词短语
Contoh (4)
老师叫她早点儿回去。
The teacher asked her to go back early.
这件事令她吃不下饭。
This matter made her unable to eat.
他的做法使大家再也不敢相信他了。
His actions made everyone dare not trust him again.
明天的考试让我睡不着觉。
Tomorrow's exam keeps me from sleeping.
比较句5HSK 5五43
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
「跟⋯⋯相比」用于引出比较对象，后接主句说明差异；「A+形容词+B+数量补语」结构直接比较两者并量化差异程度。
「跟⋯⋯相比」 introduces the basis of comparison, followed by the main clause stating the difference; 「A+形容词+B+数量补语」 directly compares two entities with quantifiable differences.
- 跟⋯⋯相比
- A+形容词+B+数量补语
Contoh (6)
跟上次考试相比，这次没有那么难。
Compared to the last exam, this one wasn't as difficult.
跟别人相比，我的想法太简单了。
Compared with others, my idea is too simplistic.
跟语法知识相比，我觉得语音知识更难。
Compared to grammatical knowledge, I find phonetic knowledge more challenging.
她高我五厘米。
She is five centimeters taller than me.
他早我十分钟。
He arrived ten minutes earlier than me.
姐姐大我十岁。
My older sister is ten years older than me.
或是⋯⋯，或是⋯⋯HSK 5五44
句子的类型 · 选择复句
“或是⋯⋯，或是⋯⋯”用于列举两种可能的情况或选择，表示非此即彼的关系，强调二者必居其一。
This structure presents two mutually exclusive possibilities or choices, emphasizing that one of the two options must be true or selected.
Contoh (2)
这件事或是哥哥做的，或是弟弟做的。
This matter was either done by the older brother or by the younger brother.
你或是参加这次考试，或是明年再学一遍这门课。
You either take this exam or retake the course next year.
尽管⋯⋯，名声/可是⋯⋯HSK 5五45
句子的类型 · 转折复句
该结构用于表达让步关系，前一分句承认某种事实或情况（尽管……），后一分句指出结果或行动并不受此影响或与之相反（可是/但是……）。
This structure expresses a concessive relationship, where the first clause acknowledges a fact or situation (despite/although...), and the second clause indicates that the result or action is not affected by it or is contrary to it (but/however...).
Contoh (3)
尽管这次考试很难，但是很多人都通过了。
Although this exam was very difficult, many people passed it.
尽管外面在下雨，可是他一定要去超市买东西。
Even though it was raining outside, he insisted on going to the supermarket to buy something.
尽管他不接受我的意见，可是我有意见还是要向他提。
Even though he doesn't accept my opinions, I still have to raise my concerns with him.
一旦⋯⋯，就⋯⋯HSK 5五46
句子的类型 · 假设复句
“一旦……就……”是表示条件关系的关联词结构，用于表达某种条件一旦发生，就会立即产生相应的结果。“一旦”引出假设的条件，“就”强调结果的即时性和必然性，常用于假设复句。
The structure '一旦……就……' is a conditional connector used to express that once a certain condition is met, a corresponding result will immediately follow. '一旦' introduces the hypothetical condition, while '就' emphasizes the immediacy and inevitability of the result, commonly used in hypothetical complex sentences.
Contoh (3)
一旦考试不及格，我就要延期毕业了。
If I fail the exam, I will have to postpone my graduation.
一旦地铁建成，堵车的情况就可大大缓解。
Once the subway is completed, traffic congestion will be greatly alleviated.
中文一旦学起来，就再也放不下了。
Once you start learning Chinese, you can never put it down.
要是⋯⋯，（就）⋯⋯，否则⋯⋯HSK 5五47
句子的类型 · 假设复句
该结构用于表达假设条件及其可能引发的两种结果，前半句提出假设情况，后半句用'否则'引出未满足条件时的负面后果。
This structure expresses hypothetical conditions and their potential outcomes. The first clause presents a condition, while 'otherwise' introduces negative consequences if the condition is not met.
Contoh (3)
要是他不去，我也不去了，否则我一个人去太危险了。
If he doesn't go, I won't go either. Otherwise, it would be too dangerous for me to go alone.
要是明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了，否则会冻感冒的。
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking. Otherwise, we might catch a cold from the cold weather.
要是你不带包，我就带一个，否则买的东西没地方放。
If you don't bring a bag, I'll bring one. Otherwise, there would be nowhere to put the things we buy.
除非⋯⋯，才⋯⋯HSK 5五48
句子的类型 · 条件复句
该结构用于强调必要条件，表示只有满足'除非'后的条件，才会出现'才'后的结果。
This structure emphasizes a necessary condition, indicating that the result after '才' will only occur if the condition after '除非' is met.
Contoh (3)
除非你答应我，我才和你一起去。
Unless you agree to my terms, I won't go with you.
除非你努力学习，才有可能考上大学。
You'll only have a chance to get into university if you study hard.
除非心情好，他才会答应我们的要求。
He will only agree to our request if he's in a good mood.
除非⋯⋯，否则/不然⋯⋯HSK 5五49
句子的类型 · 条件复句
表示唯一的条件，如果不满足这个条件，就会产生后面所说的后果。
This structure indicates that the first clause is the only condition that can prevent the outcome in the second clause. If the condition is not met, the negative result will occur.
Contoh (2)
除非坐飞机去，否则肯定来不及了。
Unless I go by plane, I will definitely be too late.
除非你仔细检查，不然太容易舟错了。
Unless you check carefully, it is too easy to make mistakes.
⋯⋯，因而⋯⋯HSK 5五50
句子的类型 · 因果复句
“⋯⋯，因而⋯⋯”是表示因果关系的复句结构，“因而”相当于“因此”、“所以”，用于引出前句所述原因所导致的结果。这个结构多用于书面语，比“所以”更正式。
"⋯⋯, yī'érn (therefore/consequently) ⋯⋯" is a compound sentence structure expressing cause and effect. "Yī'érn" means "therefore" or "consequently" and is used to introduce the result caused by the reason stated in the first clause. This structure is more formal and commonly used in written language than "所以" (suǒyǐ).
Contoh (3)
他生病了，因而没来上课。
He was sick, so he didn't come to class.
她按时完成了任务，因而受到公司的奖励。
She completed the task on time, so she received a reward from the company.
这次考试太难了，因而很多学生都没有通过。
This exam was too difficult, so many students didn't pass.
即使⋯⋯，也⋯⋯HSK 5五51
句子的类型 · 让步复句
即使⋯⋯，也⋯⋯ 表示假设的让步，即承认某种极端或假设的情况，但结果依然不变。
This structure expresses a hypothetical concession, indicating that even if a certain condition or extreme situation occurs, the result remains unchanged.
Contoh (3)
即使天气不好，爬长城的人也不会少。
Even if the weather is bad, the number of people climbing the Great Wall will not be small.
他即使生病了，也坚持工作。
Even if he is sick, he still insists on working.
我即使睡得再晚，早上六点也准醒。
Even if I sleep very late, I always wake up at six in the morning.
⋯⋯，为的是⋯⋯HSK 5五52
句子的类型 · 目的复句
“……，为的是……”是表示目的的复句结构。前半句陈述某种行为或做法，后半句说明这样做的目的或原因，“为的是”相当于“是为了”，强调行为背后的意图。
This structure is used to express purpose. The first clause states an action or behavior, and the second clause, introduced by "为的是" (meaning "for the purpose of" or "in order to"), explains the reason or intention behind it.
Contoh (3)
我把车停在外面，为的是走的时候方便。
I parked the car outside so that it would be convenient when we leave.
她给你发这个信息，为的是提醒你注意安全。
She sent you this message to remind you to pay attention to safety.
老师这节课什么也没讲，为的是让我们有时间多练习口语。
The teacher didn't say anything in this class so that we would have time to practice more spoken language.
⋯⋯，以便⋯⋯HSK 5五53
句子的类型 · 目的复句
“以便”用于连接前后分句，表示前一种行为或措施是为了达到后一种目的，相当于“为了……”或“以便能够……”。
'以便' is used to connect two clauses, indicating that the action or measure in the first clause is taken to achieve the purpose stated in the second clause, similar to 'so that' or 'in order to'.
Contoh (3)
我们要早一点儿出门，以便乘坐第一班公交车。
We need to leave a little earlier so that we can catch the first bus.
她每天步行上班，以便锻炼身体。
She walks to work every day in order to exercise.
把手机号留下吧，以便跟你联系。
Please leave your phone number so that we can get in touch with you.
没有⋯⋯就没有⋯⋯HSK 5五54
句子的类型 · 紧缩复句
表示前者是后者的必要条件，强调前者的缺失会导致后者无法实现。
Expresses that the former is a necessary condition for the latter, emphasizing that without the former, the latter cannot exist or occur.
Contoh (3)
没有你的帮助就没有我的成功。
Without your help, there would be no success for me.
没有水就没有生命的存在。
Without water, there would be no existence of life.
没有平时的努力就没有今天的成绩。
Without consistent daily efforts, there would be no achievement today.
再⋯⋯也⋯⋯HSK 5五55
句子的类型 · 紧缩复句
再⋯⋯也⋯⋯表示让步关系，意为“即使……也……”，强调无论前面的条件如何变化，后面的结果或行动都不会改变。
再⋯⋯也⋯⋯ expresses a concessive relationship, meaning "even if... still...", emphasizing that regardless of the condition mentioned, the result or action will not change.
Contoh (3)
这件事再难也要坚持下去。
Even if this is extremely difficult, I must keep going.
雨下得再大我也要去上班。
No matter how hard it rains, I still have to go to work.
这篇课文再长也要读完。
Even if this text is very long, I must finish it.
二重复句1：单句+复句；复句+单句HSK 5五56
句子的类型 · 多重复句
二重复句是由两个层次组成的复句结构，包含'单句+复句'或'复句+单句'两种模式。前一部分和后一部分在逻辑上相互关联，形成更复杂的语义关系。
A double complex sentence consists of two layers of structure, following either 'simple sentence + complex sentence' or 'complex sentence + simple sentence' patterns. The two parts are logically connected, creating more sophisticated semantic relationships.
Contoh (3)
我决定去中国留学，即使中文再难我也要去学。
I have decided to study in China; even if Chinese is extremely difficult, I will still learn it.
因为生病所以我没去上课，没想到的是老师一下课就来看我了。
I didn't attend class because I was sick; unexpectedly, the teacher came to visit me right after class ended.
她一直不愿意说出真相，虽然我不知道她的真实想法，但我尊重她的选择。
She has always been unwilling to reveal the truth; although I don't know her true thoughts, I respect her choice.
用“再也不/没”表示强调HSK 5五57
强调的方法
“再也不”用于强调将来不再做某事，表示坚决的决心；“再也没”强调从过去某个时间点起某事从未再发生，带有否定和遗憾的语气。
'再也不' emphasizes a firm decision to never do something again in the future, while '再也没' stresses that an action has not occurred since a past point, conveying regret or finality.
Contoh (3)
从今天开始，我再也不会出这种错了。
Starting today, I will never make this kind of mistake again.
他再也没跟我联系过。
Since then, he has not contacted me again.
我再也没见过她。
Since then, I have not seen her again.
用副词“可”表示强调HSK 5五58
强调的方法
副词'可'用在动词前，用来加强语气，表示强调、提醒或警告，常带有说话人的急切、关心或严肃态度。
The adverb '可' is used before verbs to strengthen the tone, expressing emphasis, reminder, or warning, often conveying the speaker's eagerness, concern, or serious attitude.
Contoh (3)
你可来了，急死我了！
You're finally here! I was so worried!
你可得注意身体呀，天天睡眠不足可不行！
You really need to take care of your health! Not sleeping enough every day just won't do!
你可不能让大家失望！
You mustn't disappoint everyone!
用“怎么都/也+不/没”表示强调HSK 5五59
强调的方法
这个结构用于强调某种情况或动作的必然性、不可能性或持续性，表示“无论如何都……”的意思。
This structure is used to emphasize the inevitability, impossibility, or continuity of a situation or action, expressing the meaning of 'no matter what, still...'.
Contoh (4)
她怎么都没想到自己会失败。
She couldn't have imagined that she would fail.
他怎么也不会猜到谁要来看望他。
He would never have guessed who was coming to visit him.
他的话我怎么都听不懂。
I just can't understand what he's saying no matter what.
昨天晚上我怎么也睡不着。
Last night, I couldn't fall asleep no matter what.
X也不是，Y也不是HSK 5五60
强调的方法
表示在两种选择或行为之间难以抉择，无论选择哪一种都不合适，形容进退两难、左右为难的处境。
Expresses a dilemma where neither option is suitable, describing a situation of being at a loss or in a difficult position between two choices.
Contoh (3)
他这样开玩笑，气得我哭也不是，笑也不是。
He made such a joke that I was so angry I didn't know whether to cry or laugh.
一看来了这么多人，他紧张得坐也不是，站也不是。
Seeing so many people come, he was so nervous that he didn't know whether to sit or stand.
走也不是，留也不是.真不知道怎么办好。
It's not good to leave, and it's not good to stay. I really don't know what to do.
X也X不得，Y也Y不得HSK 5五61
强调的方法
该结构表示在某种情况下，两个动作或状态都不可行、不允许或无法实现，用来强调两难境地或进退维谷的状态。
This structure indicates that under certain circumstances, neither action nor state is feasible, allowed, or possible to achieve, used to emphasize a dilemma or predicament.
Contoh (3)
他腰疼起来的时候站也站不得，坐也坐不得。
When his back pain strikes, he can't stand and he can't sit either.
孩子大了，骂也骂不得，打也打不得。
The child has grown up, so scolding is not allowed and hitting is not allowed either.
这件事愁得他吃也吃不得，睡也睡不得。
This matter worries him so much that he can't eat and he can't sleep either.
X是它，Y也是它HSK 5五62
强调的方法
该结构用于强调无论情况是X还是Y，其结果、本质或最终结局都完全相同，常用来表达一种无法改变或别无选择的处境。
This structure emphasizes that regardless of whether the situation is X or Y, the result or essence remains exactly the same, often expressing an unchangeable or unavoidable circumstance.
Contoh (3)
好是它，坏也是它，你没有别的选择。
Whether it's good or bad, it's the same thing; you have no other choice.
成功是它，失败也是它，这个选择我绝对不后悔。
Whether I succeed or fail, it's the same; I absolutely don't regret this choice.
等一个小时是它，等两个小时也是它，只能坐这一班车回家了。
Whether I wait for an hour or two hours, it's the same; I can only take this bus home.
X着也是X着HSK 5五63
强调的方法
这个结构表示“反正做某事也是做某事”，用于强调既然某事已经是某种状态或正在进行，不如顺便做另一件事。它表达了一种充分利用时间或资源的逻辑，常用于提出建议或解释行为。
This structure means 'since X is already Xing, might as well...' It emphasizes that since something is already in a certain state or being done, one might as well do something else. It expresses a logic of making full use of time or resources, often used to make suggestions or explain actions.
Contoh (3)
明天我去超市逛逛，反正闲着也是闲着。
Tomorrow I'm going to the supermarket; since I'm idle anyway, might as well.
那些衣服她不喜欢了，放着也是放着，不如送人吧。
She doesn't like those clothes anymore; since they're just sitting there anyway, might as well give them away.
反正等着也是等着，我们不如休息休息吧。
Since we're just waiting anyway, why don't we take a break?
X归X，Y归YHSK 5五64
强调的方法
该结构用于强调两个看似相关但实际需分开对待的事物或行为，表明其本质差异或独立原则。
This structure emphasizes two seemingly related but fundamentally distinct matters or actions, highlighting their inherent differences or independent principles.
Contoh (3)
想归想，做归做，结果完全不一样。
Thinking is one thing, doing is another, and the results are completely different.
吵归吵，闹归闹，大家还是好朋友。
Even though we argue and fight, we remain good friends.
朋友归朋友，生意归生意，不能免费。
Friends are friends, business is business, and we can't offer it for free.
不管怎样说HSK 5五65
强调的方法
不管怎样说表示无论情况如何或从什么角度考虑，结论或事实依然成立，用于强调某种判断或结果的必然性。
不管怎样说 is used to emphasize that a conclusion or fact remains valid regardless of circumstances or perspectives, highlighting the inevitability of a judgment or outcome.
Contoh (2)
不管怎样说，你这么做就是不对的。
No matter how you look at it, what you did is simply wrong.
不管怎样说，这事总算办成了。
No matter what, this matter has finally been accomplished.
看你X的/瞧他X的HSK 5五66
强调的方法
该结构用于对某人的言行表示反驳、调侃或否定，通常带有不屑或质疑的语气，其中'X'为动词或形容词。
This structure is used to refute, tease, or negate someone's words or actions, often conveying a tone of dismissal or skepticism, where 'X' is a verb or adjective.
Contoh (3)
看你说的，我哪有那么能干？
Look what you said, how could I be that capable?
甲：他说他这次准考第一。
A: He said he's definitely going to get first place this time.
乙：瞧他吹的。
B: Look how he's bragging.
真有你/他/她的HSK 5五67
强调的方法
“真有你/他/她的”是口语中表达惊讶、赞叹或佩服的固定句式，通常用于对某人的能力、行为或表现表示意外和赞赏。
This is a colloquial expression used to show surprise, admiration, or appreciation for someone's ability, behavior, or performance. It literally means 'really have yours/his/hers' but functions as 'you/he/she are really amazing'.
Contoh (2)
真有你的！电脑你也会修？
Wow, you really have it! You can even fix computers?
这么难的事情他都有办法，真有他的！
He even has a way to solve such difficult problems—he's really something!
X什么XHSK 5五68
强调的方法
该结构用于反问，表示否定或制止某种行为，意为“不要做某事”或“做某事没有意义/没必要”，常带有不耐烦或劝诫的语气。
This structure is used rhetorically to negate or stop an action, meaning 'don't do something' or 'there's no need/point in doing something,' often conveying impatience or admonition.
Contoh (2)
看什么看，再看就迟到了！
What are you looking at? We'll be late if you keep looking!
吃什么吃，再吃就胖死了！
What are you eating? You'll get so fat if you keep eating!
什么X不X（的）HSK 5五69
强调的方法
「什么X不X」结构用于淡化或否定某因素的重要性，表达说话人对X的不在意或随意态度，常带有不耐烦或轻松的语气。
The '什么X不X' structure dismisses or downplays the importance of X, showing indifference or casualness, often with an impatient or lighthearted tone.
Contoh (3)
什么钱不钱的，你这话说的太客气了。
Money? Don't be so polite with me.
什么麻烦不麻烦，我们之间不用这么客气。
Trouble? There's no need for such formality between us.
什么合适不合适的，衣服能穿就行。
Whether it fits or not? As long as I can wear it, that's fine.
用代词复指HSK 5五70
句群
用代词复指是指用代词（人称代词、指示代词等）来重复指代前文已提及的人或事物，使语言简洁流畅，避免重复。这种用法在中文中非常常见，有助于保持句子的连贯性和逻辑性。
Pronoun reference involves using pronouns (personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, etc.) to refer back to previously mentioned people or things, making language more concise and fluent while avoiding repetition. This usage is very common in Chinese and helps maintain coherence and logical flow in sentences.
- 用人称代词复指
- 用指示代词复指
- 各种代词相间使用
Contoh (5)
这个小伙子是我们学校的英国留学生。传来中国之前，在英国学过一点儿中文，他觉得中文很有意思。去年公司派他来中国学习中文，现在还想让他留在中国工作。
This young man is a British international student at our school. Before coming to China, he learned a little Chinese in the UK and found Chinese very interesting. Last year, his company sent him to China to study Chinese, and now they want him to stay and work in China.
网络对我们的生活越来越重要。它随时告诉我们每天世界各地发生的新闻，很多人不出门就能通过它买东西、跟朋友交流，它让生活变得越来越方便。
The Internet is becoming increasingly important in our lives. It keeps us informed about news happening around the world every day, and many people can shop and communicate with friends without leaving home, making life more convenient.
中国的南方人喜欢喝一种酒。这种酒是用米做的，味道甜甜的，大人小孩儿都能喝。这也是北方人去南方旅行之后喜欢买的东西之一。
People in southern China like to drink a certain type of wine. This wine is made from rice, has a sweet taste, and can be consumed by both adults and children. This is also one of the items that northerners like to buy after traveling to southern China.
我的家乡在中国的南方。那是一个小城市，景色很漂亮，很适合旅游。我在那儿出生、长大，一直到十六岁才离开。那也是我最喜欢的城市。
My hometown is in southern China. It's a small city with beautiful scenery, making it very suitable for tourism. I was born and raised there, and didn't leave until I was sixteen. That is also my favorite city.
《现代汉语词典》一书是中国语言研究人员多年的成果，2016年9月出版了第7版。这不仅是全世界华人学习现代汉浯最重要的词典之一，同时也被称为世界上许多国家和地区的人们研究和学习中文的“标准”。至今，《现代汉语词典》除了中国版以外，还拥有多个国外版。它的出版，对促进国内外学术交流和合作起到了积极的作用。
The book "Modern Chinese Dictionary" is the result of years of work by Chinese language researchers, with its 7th edition published in September 2016. This is not only one of the most important dictionaries for Chinese people worldwide to learn modern Chinese, but is also called the "standard" for people in many countries and regions to study and learn Chinese. To date, besides the Chinese version, the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" has multiple international editions. Its publication has played a positive role in promoting academic exchange and cooperation both domestically and internationally.
带省略成分HSK 5五71
句群
中文中当主语或宾语在上下文中已明确时，可省略以避免重复。这种省略常见于连贯叙述中，使表达更简洁流畅。
In Chinese, subjects or objects can be omitted when they are clear from context, avoiding repetition. This is common in connected narratives for conciseness and flow.
- 省略主语
- 省略宾语
Contoh (2)
（我）决定出国留学，我不得不和父母告别，想到以后再也没有人保护我、关心我，（我）心里有些担心。离开家乡的那一天，亲人们都来机场送我，（我）带着他们的祝福和希望，我登上了前往北京的航班，开始了我的留学生活。
I decided to study abroad, which meant I had to say goodbye to my parents. Thinking that no one would protect or care for me anymore, I felt a bit worried. On the day I left home, relatives came to the airport to see me off. Carrying their blessings and hopes, I boarded the flight to Beijing and began my life as an international student.
世界上任何事物都永远在运动、变化、发展，语言也是。语言的变化，包括语音、词汇和语法，短时间内不容易发现（这些变化），日子长了就表现出来了。
Everything in the world is constantly moving, changing, and developing, and the same applies to language. Changes in language, including phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar, are not easily noticeable over a short period but become apparent over time.