持续态：动词+着
Pattern
表示状态的持续表示动作的持续Explanation
语法结构“动词+着”用于表示动作或状态正在持续进行，强调动作的延续性或状态的保持。
The structure 'verb + zhe' is used to indicate that an action or state is continuing, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the action or the maintenance of the state.
Examples
灯一直亮着。/灯没亮着。
The light has been on. / The light is not on.
电脑开着。/电脑没开着。
The computer is on. / The computer is not on.
外边下着雪呢。/外边没下雪。
It is snowing outside. / It is not snowing outside.
他们说着、笑着，不一会儿就到学校了。
They were talking and laughing, and arrived at school in no time.
Related Grammar Points
还是⋯⋯吧HSK 2二45
固定格式
表示在比较几种可能性后，提出建议选择其中一种做法，语气委婉商量。
Used to make a suggestion after comparing different options, indicating that one choice is preferable with a gentle, consultative tone.
Examples (2)
打车太贵了，你还是坐地铁吧。
Taking a taxi is too expensive; it's better to take the subway.
外边下雨了，我们还是在房间看电视吧。
It's raining outside; we'd better just watch TV in the room.
又⋯⋯又⋯⋯HSK 2二46
固定格式
“又⋯⋯又⋯⋯”是固定格式，用于连接两个形容词或动词短语，表示同时具有两种性质或状态。两个“又”字之间连接的成分通常是并列关系，可描述事物的双重特征。
“又⋯⋯又⋯⋯”is a fixed pattern used to connect two adjectives or verb phrases, indicating that something possesses two qualities or states simultaneously. The elements between the two “又”are typically in parallel relationship, describing dual characteristics of a thing.
Examples (2)
这个饭馆的菜又好吃又便宜。
The food at this restaurant is both delicious and affordable.
这球鞋又贵又不好看。
These sneakers are both expensive and not good-looking.
（在）⋯⋯以前/以后/前/后HSK 2二47
固定格式
该结构用于表达某个时间点之前或之后的动作或状态，'在...以前/以后'可省略'在'和'以'，直接使用'前/后'表示时间关系。
This structure indicates actions or states before/after a specific time point. '在' and '以' can be omitted, using '前/后' directly to express temporal relationships.
Examples (4)
在来中国以前，我只学过一点儿中文。
Before coming to China, I had only learned a little Chinese.
吃完午饭以后，我常常会睡一会儿。
After finishing lunch, I often take a short nap.
你运动前应该活动一下儿身体。
You should warm up your body before exercising.
我明天下课后就去你那儿。
I will go to your place right after class tomorrow.
经历态：用动态助词“过”表示HSK 2二71
动作的态
动态助词“过”表示动作曾经发生过，强调过去的经历，通常与“没”连用表示否定。
The particle '过' indicates that an action has occurred in the past, emphasizing the experience of having done it, and is often used with '没' for negation.
Examples (2)
他学过中文。/他没学过中文。
He has studied Chinese. / He has not studied Chinese.
我吃过饺子。/我没吃过饺子。
I have eaten dumplings. / I have not eaten dumplings.
序数表示法HSK 2二72
特殊表达法
中文序数表示法通常用“第”加基数词（如第一、第三、第七）表示顺序；在楼层、房间号、公交线路等特定语境中，可直接用数字表示序数（如二楼、302路）。
Chinese ordinal numbers are typically formed by adding '第' before a cardinal number (e.g., 第一, 第三, 第七) to indicate sequence; in specific contexts like floors, room numbers, or bus routes, the digit alone can express ordinals (e.g., 二楼, 302路).
Examples (2)
第一 第三 第七 二楼 三层
First, third, seventh, second floor, third floor
13号楼 205房间 302路公交车
Building 13, Room 205, Bus Route 302
概数表示法1HSK 2二73
特殊表达法
该语法结构用于表示略多于某个具体数量的近似值。'数词+多+量词'（如三十多本）和'数词+量词+多'（如三块多）两种形式均表示超过该数字但未达下一个整数的数量范围。
This structure indicates approximate quantities slightly exceeding a specific number. Both 'numeral+duo+measure word' (e.g., 三十多本) and 'numeral+measure word+duo' (e.g., 三块多) express amounts exceeding the given number but not reaching the next whole unit.
- 数词+多+量词
- 数词+量词+多
Examples (2)
三十多本 五十多斤
more than thirty books, over fifty jin
三块多 四米多 七斤多
a bit over three yuan, four-something meters, seven-odd jin