HSK 6
66 grammar points超-、多-、反-、无-、亚-、准HSK 6六01
语素 · 类前缀
类前缀"超-、多-、反-、无-、亚-、准-"加在名词或形容词前，表示某种性质或状态。如"超自然"表示超出自然的，"多角度"表示多个角度。
Prefix-like morphemes "超-, 多-, 反-, 无-, 亚-, 准-" are added before nouns or adjectives to indicate a certain quality or state. For example, "超自然" means supernatural, "多角度" means multi-angle.
Examples (1)
超自然 多角度 反作用 无烟 无健康 准妈妈
supernatural, multi-angle, reaction, smokeless, unhealthy, expectant mother
-化、-式、-型、-性HSK 6六02
语素 · 类后缀
-化、-式、-型、-性 是汉语中的类后缀，分别表示转变过程（-化）、样式风格（-式）、类型形态（-型）和本质属性（-性），它们将词根转化为具有特定语法功能的词语。
-化, -式, -型, and -性 are Chinese quasi-suffixes that respectively indicate a process of transformation (-化), style or pattern (-式), type or form (-型), and inherent quality or property (-性), transforming root words into terms with specific grammatical functions.
Examples (1)
现代化 美式 小型 普遍性
modernization American-style small-scale universality
指示代词：本、此HSK 6六03
词类 · 代词
“本”和“此”都是指示代词，用于指代说话人自己、当前所在的地方或特定的事物，常出现在书面语或正式场合中，如“本市”（这个城市）、“本人”（我自己）、“此事”（这件事）、“此处”（这个地方）。
Both '本' and '此' are demonstrative pronouns used to refer to oneself, the current location, or specific matters, often appearing in formal or written contexts, such as 'this city', 'myself', 'this matter', and 'this place'.
Examples (1)
本市 本人 此事 此处
this city, myself, this matter, this place
名量词：餐、串、滴、副、股、集、枝HSK 6六04
词类 · 量词
名量词用于修饰名词，表示事物的单位。"餐"用于饭食，"串"用于成串的东西，"滴"用于液体，"副"用于成对或成套的东西，"股"用于气体、气味或力量等，"集"用于电视剧或书集，"枝"用于带枝的花或笔状物。
Nominal measure words are used to modify nouns, indicating the unit of an object. "餐" is used for meals, "串" for bunches, "滴" for drops of liquid, "副" for pairs or sets, "股" for gases, smells, or strength, "集" for TV episodes or book volumes, "枝" for flowers with stems or pen-like objects.
Examples (1)
一餐饭 一串葡萄 一滴水 一副球拍 一股力量 一集电视剧 一枝花
a meal, a bunch of grapes, a drop of water, a pair of rackets, a surge of strength, an episode of a TV series, a flower
动量词：番、声、趟HSK 6六05
词类 · 量词
动量词用于表示动作的次数。"番"用于费力、费时或费心的事情，"声"用于发出声音的动作，"趟"用于往返一次的动作。
Verbal measure words indicate the frequency of an action. "番" is used for actions requiring effort or time, "声" for actions that produce a sound, "趟" for round-trip actions.
Examples (1)
讨论一番 说一声 跑两趟
discuss vigorously, say a word, run two trips
程度副词：特、异常HSK 6六06
词类 · 副词
“特”是口语化程度副词，表示“特别、非常”，强调程度高；“异常”是正式程度副词，表示“超出正常范围”，强调程度显著高于常规。
"特" is a colloquial degree adverb meaning "especially" or "particularly," emphasizing high intensity; "异常" is a formal degree adverb meaning "unusually" or "exceptionally," indicating a degree significantly beyond the norm.
Examples (2)
他特高兴，因为他的设计获奖了。
He was especially happy because his design won an award.
今天天气异常寒冷。
The weather today is unusually cold.
范围、协同副词：尽、净、一齐、一同HSK 6六07
词类 · 副词
范围副词"尽"和"净"表示全部、都是，强调事物的范围；协同副词"一齐"和"一同"表示同时、一起，强调动作的协同性。
The scope adverbs '尽' and '净' indicate 'all' or 'entirely,' emphasizing the extent or scope of something; the collaborative adverbs '一齐' and '一同' mean 'together' or 'simultaneously,' emphasizing coordinated action.
Examples (4)
刚上班，分配给我的尽是些基础工作。
Just after starting work, all that was assigned to me was basic tasks.
这里净是垃圾，都没地方站。
This place is full of garbage; there's no space to stand.
大家一齐动手，清理路上的垃圾。
Everyone worked together to clean up the garbage on the road.
这是我们一同努力的结果。
This is the result of our joint efforts.
时间副词：时时、一时、早晚HSK 6六08
词类 · 副词
时时表示动作或情况经常发生，强调频率高；一时表示短时间内或暂时，常指某个短暂时刻；早晚表示迟早、最终会发生，强调事情必然会发生只是时间问题。
时时 indicates frequent occurrence of an action or situation, emphasizing high frequency; 一时 refers to a short period or temporarily, often meaning a brief moment; 早晚 means sooner or later, emphasizing that something will inevitably happen, just a matter of time.
Examples (3)
老师时时关注着我们的学习。
The teacher keeps a close eye on our studies all the time.
我好像在哪儿见过他，可一时又想不起来了。
I seem to have seen him somewhere, but I can't recall it at the moment.
他早晚会知道事情的真相。
He will know the truth sooner or later.
关联副词：便HSK 6六09
词类 · 副词
副词“便”用于表示前后两个动作或事件在时间上紧密相连，强调后一动作紧接前一动作发生，常与“一”、“刚”等词搭配使用。
The adverb '便' is used to indicate that two actions or events occur in immediate succession, emphasizing the tight temporal connection between them. It is often used in conjunction with words like '一' or '刚'.
Examples (2)
他一下课便回家了。
He went home immediately after class.
他一毕业便决定回国。
He decided to return to his home country immediately after graduation.
方式副词：不禁、赶忙、亲眼、特地、特意HSK 6六10
词类 · 副词
这些方式副词用于描述动作发生的方式或状态，其中“不禁”表示不由自主，“赶忙”表示急忙，“亲眼”强调亲自见证，“特地/特意”表示专门为了某目的。
These adverbs describe the manner or state of an action: '不禁' implies involuntarily, '赶忙' means hurriedly, '亲眼' emphasizes witnessing firsthand, and '特地/特意' indicate doing something specifically for a purpose.
Examples (5)
我不禁回忆起第一次跟她见面的场景。
I couldn't help recalling the scene of our first meeting.
要迟到了，他赶忙出门，早饭都没吃。
He was going to be late, so he hurried out without even eating breakfast.
这件事是我亲眼所见，不会有假。
I saw this with my own eyes, so there's no way it's fake.
我都准备好了，你不用特地跑来帮我。
I'm all ready, so you don't need to come all the way here to help me.
大卫今天第一天上班，特意穿了双新皮鞋。
David's first day at work today, so he specifically wore a pair of new leather shoes.
情态副词：仿佛HSK 6六11
词类 · 副词
“仿佛”是副词，表示“好像、似乎”，用于描述某种状态或感觉与另一种事物相似，常与“似的”“一样”等搭配使用。
"仿佛" is an adverb meaning "as if" or "seemingly," used to describe a state or feeling that resembles something else, often paired with words like "似的" or "一样".
Examples (2)
奶奶仿佛孩子似的开心地笑了。
Grandma smiled happily as if she were a child.
他工作起来仿佛不知道什么是累。
When he works, he seems as if he doesn't know what tiredness is.
语气副词：才、刚好、偏、恰好HSK 6六12
词类 · 副词
语气副词'才'用于强调主观意愿或条件限制；'刚好/恰好'表示时间或情况巧合；'偏'表达与预期相反的固执态度。
The modal adverb '才' emphasizes subjective intention or conditions; '刚好/恰好' indicate coincidental timing or circumstances; '偏' expresses stubbornness contrary to expectations.
Examples (4)
我才不要父母的钱呢，我要自己赚钱。
I don't want my parents' money at all; I want to earn it myself.
我要出门找他的时候他刚好回来了。
Just as I was about to go out to find him, he happened to return.
北方的冬天极其寒冷，可他圣诞节偏要去那儿旅行。
Although northern winters are extremely cold, he insists on traveling there for Christmas.
哥哥非常粗心，弟弟却恰好相反。
While the older brother is very careless, the younger one is exactly the opposite.
于HSK 6六13
词类 · 引出时间、处所
“于”作为介词，常用于书面语中，引出动作发生的时间、处所或范围，相当于“在”。
The preposition '于' is often used in formal language to introduce the time, location, or scope of an action, equivalent to 'in' or 'at'.
Examples (2)
他出生于1995年。
He was born in 1995.
大熊猫主要生活于中国西南地区。
Giant pandas mainly live in the southwestern region of China.
沿（着）HSK 6六14
词类 · 引出方向、路径
“沿/沿着”是介词，用于引出动作进行的路径或方向，后接表示路线、地点的名词。其中“着”可省略但更常见于口语，强调动作的持续性。
“沿/沿着” is a preposition used to indicate the path or direction of an action, followed by a noun referring to a route or location. The particle “着” is optional but more common in spoken language to emphasize continuity.
Examples (3)
他喜欢沿着湖散步。
He enjoys taking a walk along the lake.
你沿这条路走，一会儿就到了。
If you follow this road, you'll arrive shortly.
我沿着他指的路，很快找到了他家。
I quickly found his house by following the route he pointed out.
同、与HSK 6六15
词类 · 引出对象
“同”和“与”均为介词，用于引出比较或关联的对象，相当于“和”“跟”，多用于书面语或正式场合。
Both '同' and '与' are prepositions used to introduce comparative or associative objects, equivalent to 'with' or 'and', typically in formal or written contexts.
Examples (2)
同你一样，我也是学生。
Like you, I am also a student.
你要与同学搞好关系。
Make sure you get along well with your classmates.
至于HSK 6六16
词类 · 引出对象
“至于”用于引出另一个相关但不同的话题或对象，表示“关于...方面”或“就...而言”，常用于从一个话题转向另一个话题时进行补充说明或对比。
"至于" is used to introduce another related but different topic or object, meaning "as for..." or "regarding...", typically used when transitioning from one topic to another for supplementary explanation or comparison.
Examples (3)
旅行的时间已经定了，至于费用问题，还需要再讨论。
The travel time has already been decided; as for the cost issue, it still needs further discussion.
学校决定下个月举行运动会，至于具体时间，请待学校通知。
The school has decided to hold a sports meeting next month; regarding the specific time, please wait for the school's announcement.
超市将于节日期间举行优惠活动，至于详细情况，可上网查查。
The supermarket will hold promotional activities during the holiday period; for detailed information, you can check online.
因HSK 6六17
词类 · 引出目的、原因
「因」是表示原因或目的的连词/介词，相当于「因为」「由于」，用于引出导致某事发生的原因或目的。它可单独使用，也可与「所以」「因此」等词配合使用。
"因" is a conjunction/preposition indicating cause or purpose, equivalent to "because" or "due to," used to introduce the reason or purpose for an event. It can be used alone or paired with words like "所以" (therefore) or "因此" (consequently).
Examples (3)
因公司的业务需要，她要去中国出差。
Due to her company's business needs, she is going on a business trip to China.
昨天她因病请假。
Yesterday, she took a leave of absence due to illness.
他因出门太晚迟到了。
He was late because he left home too late.
除HSK 6六18
词类 · 表示排除
除...以外表示排除特定对象，其余部分包含在讨论范围内。该结构用于强调被排除项之外的全部情况。
The structure '除...以外' excludes a specific item while including all other elements in the discussion. It emphasizes the scope beyond the excluded element.
Examples (3)
除他以外，所有人都来了。
Except for him, everyone else came.
除这件事以外，其他我都能答应你。
Except for this matter, I can agree to everything else you ask.
除这个箱子以外，没有其他行李了。
Except for this suitcase, there are no other pieces of luggage.
据HSK 6六19
词类 · 引出凭借、依据
“据”用于引出消息来源、依据或传闻，常与“说”“介绍”“统计”等词搭配，表示“根据……”或“据说……”。
"据" is used to introduce sources, evidence, or reports, often paired with words like "说" (say), "介绍" (introduce), or "统计" (statistics), meaning "according to..." or "it is said that...".
Examples (3)
据专家介绍，这个信息并不准确。
According to experts, this information is not accurate.
据统计，大多数家庭有一到两个子女。
According to statistics, most families have one or two children.
据说，他还没决定放弃。
It is said that he has not yet decided to give up.
连接词或词组：而、同、与HSK 6六20
词类 · 连词
这三个词都是连词，用于连接并列的成分。'而'常用于连接形容词，表示并列或递进关系；'同'和'与'则用于连接名词或代词，表示'和'的意思，其中'与'多用于书面语。
These three words are conjunctions used to connect parallel components. '而' is often used to connect adjectives, indicating a parallel or progressive relationship; '同' and '与' are used to connect nouns or pronouns, meaning 'and', with '与' being more formal and typically used in written language.
Examples (3)
她善良而乐观。
She is kind and optimistic.
我同他都是新员工。
He and I are both new employees.
成与不成，都看你的啦！
Whether it succeeds or not, it's all up to you!
连接分句或句子：不料、可、若HSK 6六21
词类 · 连词
‘不料’表示事情的发展出乎意料，通常引出与预期相反的结果；‘可’表示转折，相当于‘但是’，强调前后句意的对比；‘若’表示假设条件，相当于‘如果’，多用于书面或正式语境。
'不料' indicates an unexpected outcome contrary to expectation; '可' expresses contrast or concession, similar to 'but'; '若' introduces a conditional assumption, equivalent to 'if', often used in formal contexts.
Examples (3)
我今天本想去操场踢足球，不料外面下起雨来。
I originally planned to go to the playground to play soccer today, but unexpectedly it started raining outside.
我们约定一起去长城玩儿，可他忘记了。
We agreed to visit the Great Wall together, but he forgot.
若这个时间你不方便，我们就换一个。
If this time is inconvenient for you, we can choose another one.
结构助词：所HSK 6六22
词类 · 助词
结构助词“所”与动词结合构成名词性短语，指代动作的对象或结果，常与“的”连用形成“所+动词+的”结构，用于强调特定范围或内容。
The structural particle '所' combines with verbs to form noun phrases referring to the object or result of an action, often used with '的' in the structure '所+verb+的' to emphasize specific scope or content.
Examples (3)
据我所知，这件事不是真的。
As far as I know, this matter is not true.
你所做的每件事我都支持。
I support everything you do.
这部电影正是我所感兴趣的。
This movie is exactly what I am interested in.
语气助词：罢了、啦、嘛HSK 6六23
词类 · 助词
罢了用于句末表示事情不过如此，带有轻视或安慰语气；啦是“了”和“啊”的合音，表示变化或强调，带有轻松愉快的语气；嘛用于句末表示显而易见或催促，带有理所当然或不耐烦的语气。
罢了 is used at the end of sentences to indicate something is merely so, with a dismissive or reassuring tone; 啦 is a contraction of "了" and "啊", indicating change or emphasis with a relaxed, happy tone; 嘛 is used at the end of sentences to show something is obvious or to urge, with a matter-of-fact or impatient tone.
Examples (3)
别生气，我只是开个玩笑罢了。
Don't get angry, I was just joking, that's all.
我终于把这个问题搞明白啦！
I finally figured out this problem!
什么事，你快说嘛！
What is it? Hurry up and tell me!
数词+形容词+量词HSK 6六24
短语 · 结构类型
"数词+形容词+量词"结构中，形容词放在数词和量词之间，用来修饰量词所表示的事物的大小、长度、形状或数量。
In the "Numeral + Adjective + Measure Word" structure, the adjective is placed between the numeral and measure word to modify the size, length, shape, or quantity of the object indicated by the measure word.
Examples (1)
一大杯茶 一长串葡萄 一小份米饭
a large cup of tea, a long bunch of grapes, a small portion of rice
或A或BHSK 6六25
短语 · 四字格
该结构用于表示两种可能性或程度范围，强调两者皆可适用。
This structure indicates two possible options or degrees, emphasizing that either could apply within the given context.
Examples (2)
每位市民都为这座城市的发展做出过或大或小的贡献。
Every citizen has made contributions, either large or small, to the city's development.
各个企业都有一套或高或低的质量监测管理标准。
Each enterprise has established quality monitoring and management standards, whether high or low.
无A无BHSK 6六26
短语 · 四字格
这种结构表示“没有A也没有B”，强调某种状态的缺失或极端情况，常用于表达强烈的状态或特征。
This structure means 'without A and without B,' emphasizing the absence or extreme nature of a state, often used to express strong conditions or characteristics.
Examples (2)
妈妈无时无刻不在想念着国外留学的孩子。
Mom misses her child studying abroad every moment.
这孩子再不管管就无法无天了。
If we don't control this child, he'll become completely out of control.
A这A那HSK 6六27
短语 · 四字格
“A这A那”结构表示动作的反复进行或对象的多样性，常带有随意、琐碎或挑剔的意味，如“说这说那”指谈论各种琐事，“嫌这嫌那”指对事物挑剔抱怨。
The 'A这A那' structure indicates the repetitive nature of an action or the variety of its objects, often implying a casual, trivial, or picky tone, such as 'saying this and that' referring to discussing various trifles, or 'complaining about this and that' referring to being picky about things.
Examples (2)
他总是很耐心地听她说这说那。
He always listens to her talk about this and that with great patience.
他这个人真是麻烦，总是嫌这嫌那的。
This person is really troublesome; he is always complaining about this and that.
左A右BHSK 6六28
短语 · 四字格
“左A右B”是一种四字格短语结构，表示同时进行或反复进行两个动作，强调动作的频繁性、同时性或左右兼顾的状态。
"Left A Right B" is a four-character phrase structure that indicates performing two actions simultaneously or repeatedly, emphasizing the frequency, simultaneity, or balanced attention of the actions.
Examples (3)
他左躲右闪，终于把球踢进了球门。
He dodged left and right before finally kicking the ball into the goal.
第一次出门，他兴奋得左瞧右看，眼睛都不够用了。
On his first outing, he was so excited that he looked left and right, as if his eyes weren't enough.
他左思右想，觉得这件事不能这样就完了。
He thought it over and over again, feeling that this matter shouldn't just end like this.
不怎么HSK 6六29
短语 · 其他
表示程度不高或程度轻微，相当于“不太”、“不很”，常用于否定某种性质或状态，语气较委婉。
Used to indicate a low degree or slight intensity, equivalent to 'not very' or 'not particularly,' often used to soften the tone when negating a quality or state.
Examples (3)
这件衣服不怎么好看，换一件吧。
This dress isn't very nice-looking; let's change to another one.
他不怎么在乎这些小事。
He doesn't really care about these small matters.
他今天好像不怎么舒服。
He doesn't seem to be feeling very well today.
不怎么样HSK 6六30
短语 · 其他
该短语用于评价事物或表现不够好，常带轻微否定意味，可单独使用或补充说明具体对象。
This phrase is used to evaluate that something or someone is not particularly good, often with mild negation. It can stand alone or specify the subject being evaluated.
Examples (3)
她跳舞跳得不怎么样。
She's not a great dancer.
甲：这件衣服怎么样？
A: How's this piece of clothing?
乙：不怎么样。
B: Not too great.
好（不）容易HSK 6六31
短语 · 其他
“好（不）容易”表示“很不容易/费了很大劲”，其中“好不容易”更强调过程的艰难，“好容易”在口语中有时也表相同含义但易产生歧义。
The phrase '好（不）容易' means 'with great difficulty' or 'after much effort', where '好不容易' emphasizes the hardship more strongly while '好容易' may cause ambiguity in spoken language.
Examples (3)
我好不容易给你争取来这个机会，你怎么能不抓住呢？
I went through a lot to secure this opportunity for you; how can you not seize it?
你好容易走到这一步，怎么能说放弃就放弃呢？
You've come this far with great difficulty; how can you just give up like that?
我好不容易说服他来参加比赛，你不能让他走。
I had a hard time persuading him to participate in the competition; you can't let him leave.
那倒（也）是HSK 6六32
短语 · 其他
表示承认或认可某种情况、观点或做法，常带有让步语气，意为“从某方面看确实是这样”。
Used to acknowledge or concede a point, often with a tone of concession, meaning "that is indeed the case" or "that is a valid point" from a certain perspective.
Examples (4)
现在看来，那倒是个很好的办法。
It seems now that that is indeed a very good solution.
实在没办法，那倒也是个办法。
Since there's really no other way, that is indeed a solution.
甲：如果能找到失败的原因，那倒是件值得高兴的事。
A: If we can find the cause of the failure, that would indeed be something to be happy about.
乙：那倒也是。
B: That is indeed the case.
就是说/这就是说HSK 6六33
短语 · 其他
用于引出解释、总结或强调，相当于“换句话说”或“也就是说”。
Used to introduce an explanation, summary, or emphasis, equivalent to 'in other words' or 'that is to say'.
Examples (2)
就是说，他是一个不诚实的人。
In other words, he is a dishonest person.
这就是说，责任不在你，你千万不要怪自己。
This means the responsibility does not lie with you; you should not blame yourself at all.
算了HSK 6六34
短语 · 其他
“算了”表示放弃、不再坚持或作罢，常用于劝解他人或自我宽慰，表示不再追究或不再强求某事。
"算了" means to give up, let it go, or call it quits, often used to advise someone or comfort oneself that something should no longer be pursued or insisted upon.
Examples (4)
这件事就这样算了吧。
Let's just let this matter go.
他不去算了，不要为难他了。
It's fine if he doesn't go; don't put him in an awkward position.
甲：不行，我得好好问问他。
A: No, I must ask him carefully.
乙：算了，你说不过他的。
B: Let it go; you can't win an argument with him.
A—+量词，B—+量词HSK 6六35
固定格式
该结构用于描述动作的交替进行或状态的零散分布，强调动作在不同主体间的轮流发生或状态的不规则分布。
This structure describes the alternating performance of actions or the scattered distribution of states, emphasizing the turn-taking between subjects or the irregular distribution of a condition.
Examples (3)
他摔得很严重，身上青一块，紫一块。
He fell seriously and has bruises all over his body, some green, some purple.
大家你一句，我一句，搞得他反而没了主意。
Everyone spoke a sentence here and there, which made him lose his own opinion.
他俩说着话，突然你一下儿、我一下儿地打起来了。
As they were talking, suddenly they started fighting, hitting each other back and forth.
东一A，西一AHSK 6六36
固定格式
该结构表示动作或状态分散、杂乱、没有条理或规律，常用于描述行为、言语或做事方式缺乏连贯性和系统性。
This structure describes actions or states that are scattered, disorganized, or irregular, often used to depict behaviors, speech, or work methods lacking coherence and systematicity.
Examples (3)
天黑还下雨，他东一脚，西一脚地赶回来了。
It was dark and still raining, and he kicked his feet here and there as he rushed back.
他说话东一句，西一句，完全没有重点。
He speaks in a disjointed way, jumping from one thing to another without any focus.
他做事情总是东一下儿，西一下儿，既无计划更无耐心。
He always does things in a scattered and haphazard manner, with neither a plan nor patience.
为了⋯⋯而⋯⋯HSK 6六37
固定格式
表示为了某个目的而进行某种行动，强调目的与行为之间的因果关系。
Indicates performing an action for a specific purpose, emphasizing the causal relationship between the purpose and the action.
Examples (3)
为了这么一件小事而生气，不值得。
It is not worth getting angry over such a trivial matter.
他为了这次比赛而努力了很久。
He has been working hard for this competition for a long time.
这是为了讨论改善环境问题而召开的会议。
This is a meeting held to discuss improving environmental issues.
宾语的语义类型2HSK 6六38
句子成分 · 宾语
处所宾语表示动作指向或发生的地点，结果宾语表示动作产生的结果或产物。
Locative objects indicate the location of an action, while resultative objects denote the product or outcome of an action.
- 处所宾语
- 结果宾语
Examples (4)
听见铃声，他马上就进教室了。
Hearing the bell, he immediately went into the classroom.
他把东西都放桌子上了。
He put everything on the table.
在中国农村，盖房子是一件大事。
In rural China, building a house is a major event.
新学期的学生太多了，学校正在校园里建食堂。
There are too many students in the new semester, so the school is building a cafeteria on campus.
趋向补语5HSK 6六39
句子成分 · 补语
该结构用于表示状态的变化趋势，如从动态转为静态（下来/下去）或从静止转为动态/恢复常态（起来/过来），强调状态的延续、改变或复原。
This structure indicates the trend of a state change, such as shifting from dynamic to static (下来/下去) or from static to dynamic/restoring normalcy (起来/过来), emphasizing the continuation, alteration, or restoration of a state.
Examples (5)
表示状态意义（引申用法）：动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来
Indicates a state meaning (extended usage): Verb/Adjective + 下来/下去/起来/过来
老师一进教室，同学们很快安静了下来。
As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students quickly calmed down.
他对工作的兴趣渐渐淡了下去。
His interest in the work gradually faded away.
我们先把礼物藏起来。
Let's hide the gifts away for now.
经过医生的抢救，他终于醒过来了。
After the doctor's rescue efforts, he finally came to.
“把”字句4：表致使HSK 6六40
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
“把”字句表致使时，主语（可为非生物或施事者）通过动作使宾语产生某种结果或状态变化，结构强调动作对宾语的影响结果。
When indicating causation, the '把' structure shows how the subject (non-living or agent) causes a result or state change in the object through an action, emphasizing the effect on the object.
- 主语（非生物体）+把+宾语+动词+其他成分
- 主语+把+宾语（施事）+动词+其他成分
Examples (5)
这双鞋把脚磨破了。
These shoes wore out my feet.
外面的声音把我吵醒了。
The noise outside woke me up.
他把大伙儿笑得肚子疼。
He made everyone laugh so hard that their stomachs hurt.
他把爸爸气得一夜没睡。
He made his father so angry that he couldn't sleep all night.
孩子把妈妈感动得流下了眼泪。
The child moved his mother to tears.
被动句4：主语+被/叫/让+宾语+给+动词+其他成分HSK 6六41
句子的类型 · 特殊句型
该结构用于强调动作的承受者，通过'被/叫/让'引出动作执行者，'给'加强被动语气，后接动词及补充说明成分。
This structure emphasizes the recipient of an action. The doer is introduced by '被/叫/让', '给' intensifies the passive voice, followed by the verb and additional components.
Examples (3)
杯子被她不小心给摔碎了。
The cup was accidentally broken by her.
自行车叫小偷儿给偷走了。
The bicycle was stolen by a thief.
这件事差点儿让我给忘了。
This matter almost made me forget it.
时而⋯⋯，时而⋯⋯HSK 6六42
句子的类型 · 并列复句
该结构用于描述两种或多种状态/动作交替出现或频繁变化的情况，强调动态交替性。
This structure describes alternating states or actions that occur in turns or fluctuate frequently, emphasizing dynamic alternation.
Examples (3)
这儿的天气变来变去，时而晴天，时而下雨。
The weather here constantly changes, alternating between sunny and rainy days.
生活就是这样，时而让人失望，时而让人充满信心。
Life is like this—alternating between disappointment and renewed hope.
她的情绪很不稳定，时而积极，时而消极。
Her emotions are very unstable, fluctuating between positivity and negativity.
一时⋯⋯一时⋯⋯HSK 6六43
句子的类型 · 并列复句
该结构用于描述事物在短时间内反复变化或两种状态交替出现的情况，强调不稳定性或波动性。
This structure describes alternating states or frequent changes occurring in a short period, emphasizing instability or fluctuation.
Examples (3)
年纪太大了，身体一时好一时坏。
Due to advanced age, their physical condition fluctuates between good and bad.
这家公司的产量一时上升一时下降。
The company's production volume alternates between rising and falling.
他的情绪有波动，一时高兴一时悲伤。
His mood fluctuates, alternating between happiness and sadness.
⋯⋯便⋯⋯HSK 6六44
句子的类型 · 承接复句
该结构用于表达两个动作紧密衔接，前一个动作完成后，后一个动作立即发生。
This structure indicates two closely connected actions, where the second action occurs immediately after the first one.
Examples (3)
我一走出校门，抬头便看见了她。
As soon as I stepped out of the school gate, I looked up and saw her immediately.
她放下电话，衣服没换便往医院赶。
After hanging up the phone, she didn't even change her clothes before rushing to the hospital.
一回到家，他便看到了桌子上的饭菜。
As soon as he got home, he saw the meal on the table.
不但不/不但没有⋯⋯，反而⋯⋯HSK 6六45
句子的类型 · 递进复句
“不但不/不但没有⋯⋯，反而⋯⋯”是递进复句结构，表示实际情况与预期相反，且程度更深或更负面。前一分句用“不但”引出预期的否定情况，后一分句用“反而”引出与预期相反的结果，强调对比和递进。
The structure '不但...反而...' is a progressive complex sentence that indicates the actual situation is opposite to what was expected, with a deeper or more negative degree. The first clause uses '不但' to introduce the expected negative situation, while the second clause uses '反而' to present a contrary result, emphasizing contrast and progression.
Examples (3)
他不但不帮我，反而还给我添麻烦。
Not only did he not help me, but he actually caused me trouble.
夏天过去了，天气不但没有凉快，反而更热了。
Summer has passed, but the weather didn't get cooler; on the contrary, it got even hotter.
他不但没有鼓励我，反而还批评了我一顿。
Not only did he not encourage me, but he actually criticized me.
不是⋯⋯，还/还是⋯⋯HSK 6六46
句子的类型 · 递进复句
这是一个递进复句结构，'不是'否定前一个条件或假设，'还/还是'表示进一步的要求或建议，表达'不仅要做A，还要做B'的意思。
This is a progressive complex sentence structure where '不是' negates the first condition or assumption, and '还/还是' indicates further requirements or suggestions, expressing the meaning of 'not only need to do A, but also need to do B'.
Examples (5)
不是读完了就可以了，还应该写一篇作文。
It's not enough to simply finish reading; you should also write an essay.
这事不是你想做就能做的，还是要听听老板的意见。
This isn't something you can do just because you want to; you still need to listen to the boss's opinion.
【六47］连⋯⋯也/都⋯⋯，⋯⋯更⋯⋯
[Section 6.47] Even ... also/all ..., ... even more ...
连大人也做不到，孩子更做不到。
If even adults can't do it, children certainly can't either.
连老人也喜欢看，孩子们更是喜欢得不得了。
Even elderly people enjoy watching it; children like it even more.
要么⋯⋯，要么⋯⋯HSK 6六48
句子的类型 · 选择复句
“要么⋯⋯，要么⋯⋯”用于连接两个选择项，表示两者中必须选其一，强调非此即彼的选择关系。
The structure '要么⋯⋯，要么⋯⋯' is used to connect two options, indicating that one must be chosen between the two, emphasizing an either-or choice.
Examples (3)
你要么跟他一组，要么自己一个人一组，尽快决定吧。
You either work with him or go alone; please decide as soon as possible.
面对困难，我们要么被它吓倒，要么战胜它。
Facing difficulties, we either get scared by them or overcome them.
教室里的同学们要么在写作业，要么在小声讨论。
The students in the classroom are either doing their homework or discussing quietly.
虽⋯⋯，但/可/却/也⋯⋯HSK 6六49
句子的类型 · 转折复句
“虽⋯⋯，但/可/却/也⋯⋯”表示让步转折关系，前半句承认某种事实或情况，后半句用但/可/却/也引出与前面相反或相对的结果，强调后者的情况。
The structure '虽⋯⋯，但/可/却/也⋯⋯' expresses a concessive relationship, where the first clause acknowledges a fact or situation, and the second clause introduces an opposing or contrasting result using 但/可/却/也, emphasizing the latter situation.
Examples (4)
他年纪虽小，但经验不少。
Although he is young, he has considerable experience.
我虽没得到奖励，可仍然对自己充满信心。
Although I didn't receive any reward, I still have full confidence in myself.
他虽失败了，却仍然微笑面对。
Although he failed, he still faced it with a smile.
她虽病了，也坚持来上课。
Although she was ill, she still insisted on coming to class.
⋯⋯，要不然/不然⋯⋯HSK 6六50
句子的类型 · 假设复句
该结构用于提出假设性条件，前半句陈述事实或建议，后半句通过“要不然/不然”引出假设不满足该条件时可能产生的结果或替代方案。
This structure introduces a hypothetical condition. The first clause states a fact or suggestion, while the second clause uses '要不然/不然' to present a consequence or alternative if the condition is not met.
Examples (3)
大家要认真对待考试，要不然会影响毕业的。
Everyone must take the exam seriously, otherwise it will affect graduation.
你不用太担心，不然我和你一起去。
You don't need to worry too much, otherwise I'll go with you.
外面下雨了，不然我们明天再去吧。
It's raining outside, otherwise let's go tomorrow instead.
凡是⋯⋯，都⋯⋯HSK 6六51
句子的类型 · 条件复句
这个结构表示只要满足“凡是”后面的条件，“都”后面的结果就会发生，强调条件的普遍性和结果的必然性。
This structure indicates that whenever the condition after '凡是' is met, the result after '都' will occur, emphasizing the universality of the condition and the inevitability of the result.
Examples (3)
凡是听到高兴的事，他都和朋友分享。
Whenever he hears good news, he shares it with his friends.
凡是跟他合作，都能顺利完成任务。
Anyone who cooperates with him can successfully complete the task.
凡是对的，我们都应该坚持。
Whatever is right, we should all persist in it.
就算/就是⋯⋯也⋯⋯HSK 6六52
句子的类型 · 让步复句
表示即使假设某种极端情况或让步条件成立，结果或结论也不会改变。
This structure expresses that even if a hypothetical or extreme condition is true, the result or conclusion remains unchanged.
Examples (3)
就算成绩最好的同学也无法回答这个问题。
Even the top-performing student couldn't answer this question.
就是你想马上瘦下来也不能每天不吃饭。
Even if you want to lose weight quickly, you can't skip meals every day.
就算他错了你也不能说他，他还小呢。
Even if he's wrong, you can't scold him—he's still young.
不⋯⋯不⋯⋯HSK 6六53
句子的类型 · 紧缩复句
表示某种条件或情况下的必然结果或对比关系，前后两部分形成逻辑关联或递进强调。
Expresses a conditional relationship or contrast between two actions/states, where the occurrence of one depends on or contrasts with the other.
Examples (3)
你们两个人可真是不打不成交。
You two really became friends through a fight.
这里的房价不问不知道，一问吓一跳。
Not asking means not knowing, but asking leads to a shock.
她今天一直在练习，不达标准不休息。
She practiced all day and wouldn't stop until reaching the standard.
二重复句2：复句+复句HSK 6六54
句子的类型 · 多重复句
二重复句是由两个或两个以上分句组成的复句，其中某些分句本身也是复句，用于表达复杂的逻辑关系，如因果、条件、转折等。
A complex sentence with multiple layers is composed of two or more clauses, where some clauses themselves are complex sentences, used to express complex logical relationships such as causality, conditions, or contrast.
Examples (3)
成功的基础是奋斗，奋斗的收获是成功，所以，只有不断努力的人才有机会走上成功的高峰。
The foundation of success is struggle, and the reward of struggle is success; therefore, only those who constantly strive have the opportunity to reach the peak of success.
这个国王既不关心他的军队，也不喜欢去看戏，也不喜欢乘着马车去游玩儿，————除非是要展示一下儿自己的新衣服。
This king neither cared about his army nor enjoyed watching plays or riding in carriages for leisure, unless it was to show off his new clothes.
承认错误，才能正确看待出现在自己身上的问题；同时，只有虚心接受别人的批评，解决了自己的问题，才能取得下一步的成功。
Only by admitting mistakes can one correctly view the problems that arise in oneself; at the same time, only by humbly accepting others' criticism and solving one's own problems can one achieve the next success.
用“非⋯⋯不可”表示强调HSK 6六55
强调的方法
「非⋯⋯不可」用于强调必须做某事或某事的必要性，常带有坚定决心或反问语气，表达"必须/一定要"的含义。
This structure emphasizes the necessity or determination to do something, often conveying 'must' or 'have to' with strong conviction or rhetorical questioning.
Examples (3)
不管天气怎么样，我们非去不可。
No matter what the weather is like, we must go.
还有这么长准备时间呢，你非要现在写完不可吗？
With so much time left for preparation, do you really have to finish it now?
他正生着气呢，你非现在说不可吗？
Since he's already angry, do you really need to bring it up right now?
X到Y头上来了HSK 6六56
口语格式
表示某种事情（通常是动作或事件）发生在了某人身上，常带有惊讶、不满、无奈或强调事情针对性的情感色彩。
This structure indicates that something (an action or event) has happened to someone, often carrying a tone of surprise, dissatisfaction, helplessness, or emphasizing the direct impact on the person.
Examples (3)
他都欺负到你头上来了，你也不在乎吗？
He's actually bullying you now, and you don't care?
人家都求到我们头上来了，还是帮帮他们吧。
They've actually come begging to us, so let's help them.
这种好事怎么轮到我头上来了？
How did such a good thing end up happening to me?
X就X吧HSK 6六57
口语格式
用于表示对某种情况的接受或让步，通常带有无奈或妥协的语气，强调即使条件不理想也愿意接受。
Used to express acceptance or concession regarding a situation, often with a tone of resignation or compromise, emphasizing willingness to accept even if conditions are not ideal.
Examples (3)
等等就等等吧，没有别的办法了。
Waiting is fine, there's no other option.
少点儿就少点儿吧，总比没有强。
Less is acceptable, it's better than nothing.
晚点儿就晚点儿吧，来得及就行。
Being a bit late is okay, as long as we make it in time.
X是XHSK 6六58
口语格式
该结构用于先肯定某事物的真实性或有效性，随后通过转折引出其局限性或不足之处。
This structure is used to acknowledge the validity of something before introducing a contrasting point or limitation.
Examples (3)
去是去了，就是不知道结果怎么样。
The trip was taken, but the outcome remains uncertain.
好是好，但不知道老师会不会同意我们这样做。
It's good in principle, but we're unsure whether the teacher will approve this approach.
这件衣服漂亮是漂亮，但也太贵了。
This dress is undeniably beautiful, but it's far too expensive.
不X不⋯⋯，一X⋯⋯HSK 6六59
口语格式
该结构表示‘如果不做某事就不知道某种情况，一旦做了就会发现某种结果’，常用来表达通过亲身尝试才发现真相，带有惊讶或出乎意料的语气。
This structure means 'you don't know the truth unless you try, and once you do, you discover a certain result,' often used to express surprise or unexpected findings through personal experience.
Examples (2)
不看不知道，一看吓一跳，这里变化太大了！
You don't realize it until you look, and once you do, you're shocked—this place has changed so much!
这题目看起来简单，不做不知道，一做真不会！
This problem looks simple, but you don't know the truth until you try it; once you start, you realize you really can't do it!
好你个XHSK 6六60
口语格式
用于口语中，表达对某人行为的强烈不满、责备或讽刺，通常带有愤怒或失望的情绪，后接具体指责内容。
Used in spoken language to express strong dissatisfaction, blame, or sarcasm towards someone's actions, often with anger or disappointment, followed by specific accusations.
Examples (3)
好你个小偷儿，敢偷我的东西，我送你去警察局！
You little thief! How dare you steal my things? I'm taking you to the police station!
好你个大骗子，还好我聪明，没上你的当！
You big liar! Luckily I'm smart enough not to fall for your tricks!
好你个老王，一点儿忙都不帮我！
You Old Wang, you won't even help me a bit!
动词+什么（就）是什么HSK 6六61
口语格式
这个结构用于表示顺从对方的意见或想法，或者用于反问，质疑对方是否认为事情可以随心所欲。
This structure is used to express compliance with someone's opinion or idea, or to question whether one can have things their way.
Examples (2)
行啊！你说什么是什么，都听你的。
Alright! Whatever you say goes, I'll listen to you.
哪有这么容易的，你想什么就是什么？
Where's it so easy? Do you think you can have things your way?
早（也）不X，晚（也）不XHSK 6六62
口语格式
这个结构用于表达某事在“早”或“晚”的时机都没有发生，偏偏在某个特定的、往往是不合时宜的时刻发生了，常用来表达不满、无奈或讽刺的情绪。
This structure is used to express that something did not happen at either an early or a late time, but instead occurred at a specific, often inconvenient moment, frequently conveying dissatisfaction, helplessness, or sarcasm.
Examples (2)
早不来，晚不来，恰好要出门的时候他来了。
He didn't come early, nor did he come late; he arrived just when I was about to leave.
早也不走，晚也不走，需要他的时候他却走了。
He didn't leave early, nor did he leave late; yet he left just when I needed him.
看/瞧把+宾语（施事）+X得HSK 6六63
口语格式
这个口语结构用'看/瞧'引起注意，配合'把'字句和'X得'描述某人因某事而表现出的状态或情绪，常带有感叹或调侃的语气。
This colloquial structure uses '看/瞧' to draw attention, combined with '把' construction and 'X得' to describe someone's state or emotion caused by something, often with an exclamatory or teasing tone.
Examples (3)
真是小孩子呀，看把他乐得。
Really a child, look how happy he is!
瞧把他得意得，都不知道自己是谁了。
Look how proud he's gotten, he doesn't even know who he is anymore!
瞧把他吓得，都不知道说什么了。
Look how scared he is, he doesn't even know what to say!
放着X不YHSK 6六64
口语格式
该结构用于表达某人本可以做某事却故意不做，反而去做其他事情，常含责备或不满的语气。
This structure expresses that someone deliberately ignores an obvious option they should take, choosing to do something else instead, often with a tone of criticism or disapproval.
Examples (2)
你可别放着好日子不过，在这儿找麻烦。
Don't be so foolish as to ignore the good life you have and cause trouble here.
他放着好好的学不上，非要跑去外面打工。
He chose to skip his studies and went out to work instead.
X来X去，都是/就是⋯⋯HSK 6六65
口语格式
“X来X去，都是/就是⋯⋯”表示反复做某事或反复讨论，但最终结果往往是徒劳的、没有意义的，或者最终得出的结论。
The structure 'X来X去，都是/就是⋯⋯' indicates that an action or discussion is repeated, but the final result is ultimately futile, meaningless, or leads to a specific conclusion.
Examples (2)
不管我们怎么争来争去，都是没有用的。
No matter how much we argue back and forth, it's all in vain.
说来说去，就是没有统一的意见。
After all the talking, there's simply no unified opinion.
X了就X了，（没）有⋯⋯HSK 6六66
口语格式
该结构用于表示对某种情况或结果的接受、无奈或不在乎的态度，意为“就算发生了X也没关系”。
This structure is used to express acceptance, resignation, or indifference towards a situation or outcome, meaning 'it's okay even if X happens'.
Examples (2)
坏了就坏了，有什么大不了的？
If it's broken, it's broken. What's the big deal?
输了就输了，没有什么好难过的。
If we lost, we lost. There's no need to be so sad.
这/那也不X，那/这也不YHSK 6六67
口语格式
该结构用于列举多个不符合预期或标准的情况，强调多方面的问题导致负面结果或表达困惑。
This structure lists multiple unsatisfactory situations to emphasize problems across different aspects, leading to negative outcomes or expressing confusion.
Examples (2)
这也不吃，那也不喝，结果就是身体越来越差。
He won’t eat this or drink that, and as a result, his health keeps deteriorating.
那也不合适，这也不对，我真的不明白她到底想怎样。
That’s not suitable, and this isn’t right either—I really don’t understand what she’s trying to achieve.